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Newman, Daniel A.; Hanges, Paul J.; Outtz, James L. – American Psychologist, 2007
According to Helms, "test fairness" is defined as "removal from test scores of systematic variance attributable to experiences of racial or cultural socialization." Some of Helms's reasoning is based on earlier work, which recommended that racial group or category variables be replaced entirely with individual-level constructs, to reflect racial…
Descriptors: Race, Socialization, Test Items, Construct Validity
Flanagan, Constance A.; Syvertsen, Amy K.; Stout, Michael D. – Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE), 2007
The goal of this project was to produce a set of civic measures with sound psychometric properties appropriate for use with young people ages 12-18. Measures selected tap aspects of adolescent civic behaviors, opinions, knowledge, and dispositions. The measures are easy to administer and can be used by educators, staff of community-based…
Descriptors: Psychometrics, Citizenship Education, Student Participation, Adolescents