Logical connectives are grammatical linkers that appear as essential components in the production of logical argumentation of inquiry and critical thinking in school science activities. However, these cohesive terms represent a language barrier for science student learning. Therefore, students' lack in their understanding of academic connectives…

The excretory system should be taught through constructivism so as conceptual understanding could be built well, and students could apply their knowledge in daily life. The research aims to find out the influence of a learning model of Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) based on scientific approach (Cirsa) on conceptual…

The literacy instruction that adolescent emergent bilingual (EB) students currently receive is insufficient to improve their writing proficiency (Graham et al., 2021; National Center for Education Statistics, 2012). To promote improvements in EBs' writing, evidence-based practices that are culturally and linguistically responsive must be provided…

This qualitative case study was an in-depth exploration into how writing may facilitate disciplinary literacy in an eleventh grade physics classroom. In response to the dearth of writing instruction in high school disciplinary classrooms, this study was an in-depth exploration into how writing may facilitate the cultivation of disciplinary writing…

This article presents six goals for history literacy instruction created by Project Reading, Evidence, and Argumentation in Disciplinary Instruction (READI), an Institute of Education Sciences (IES) reading comprehension project. It describes how one Project READI high school teacher used the six learning goals to create instruction designed to…

Historians use a range of genres in presenting their subjects, yet educators have increasingly privileged argumentation to help novices to reason with historical content. However, the influence genre and content knowledge are relatively unmeasured in this discipline. To learn more, the authors asked 101 eleventh-grade students to compose an…

One path to improving adolescents' literacy skills is to integrate reading and writing into the content areas in which such work occurs. Although argumentative writing has been found to help students understand historical content and transform information, scholars do not know the influence of specific task structures on students' writing or…

As the call for adolescent literacy grows louder, attention must be paid to the particular demands of each discipline if educators are to help students develop advanced literacy skills. The hallmarks of advanced literacy are specific to different fields of study. This article proposes a descriptive framework for adolescents' historical writing.…

The report card for the 2008-2009 school year for a northeastern US state indicated that 29% of students performed at or below basic levels on the literacy measure. Previous studies indicated that a cross-curricular instructional design that reinforced fundamental learning skill sets throughout content-area classes encouraged independent learners…

This study researched the use of writing-to-learn strategies within a high-school (Year 11) chemistry classroom. The writing task itself asked the students to write a business letter to a younger audience of middle-school (Year 7) students. A mixed-method design was used for the study, incorporating pre/post- testing with semi-structured…

This report offers a number of specific teaching techniques that research suggests will help 4th- to 12th-grade students in this nation's schools. The report focuses on all students, not just those who display writing difficulties, although this latter group is deservedly the focus of much attention. The premise of this report is that all students…