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Toddlers' Word Learning from Contingent and Noncontingent Video on Touch Screens
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Kirkorian, Heather L.; Choi, Koeun; Pempek, Tiffany A. – Child Development, 2016
Researchers examined whether contingent experience using a touch screen increased toddlers' ability to learn a word from video. One hundred and sixteen children (24-36 months) watched an on-screen actress label an object: (a) without interacting, (b) with instructions to touch "anywhere" on the screen, or (c) with instructions to touch a…
Descriptors: Video Technology, Toddlers, Technology Uses in Education, Age Differences
Discriminative Observational Learning: Effects of Observed Reward and Dependency
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Geshuri, Yosef – Child Development, 1975
This study was designed to determine whether observed reward serves as a cue for matching. A total of 32 high- and low-dependent children observed a model perform a discrimination task and then played with the displayed materials. The results suggest that observed reward served as a cue for matching, facilitating selective attention in the…
Descriptors: Contingency Management, Observational Learning, Preschool Children, Reinforcement
The Effect of Performance-Relevant and Performance-Irrelevant Rewards on Children's Intrinsic Motivation
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Karniol, Rachel; Ross, Michael – Child Development, 1977
Descriptors: Contingency Management, Early Childhood Education, Interest Research, Motivation
Effects of Being Imitated and Counterimitated on the Behavior of Preschool Children
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Fouts, Gregory T.; And Others – Child Development, 1976
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects on 32 preschool children of being imitated and counterimitated (performing the opposite behavior) by an adult. (BRT)
Descriptors: Contingency Management, Imitation, Positive Reinforcement, Preschool Children
Instructional Control as a Function of Adult Presence and Competing Reinforcement Contingencies
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Winston, Andrew S.; Redd, William H. – Child Development, 1976
The effects of adult presence and reinforcement payoff on subsequent instruction were studied with second and third grade children. (BRT)
Descriptors: Contingency Management, Elementary School Students, Positive Reinforcement, Primary Education
Learning to Control the Environment in Infancy
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Finkelstein, Neal W.; Ramey, Craig T. – Child Development, 1977
A sample of 34 infants participated in 3 experiments designed to determine whether experience with response-contingent stimulation would enhance an infant's subsequent learning performance. (Author/JMB)
Descriptors: Attention, Contingency Management, Environment, Infants
Eating as the "Means" Activity in a Contingency: Effects on Young Children's Food Preference.
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Birch, Leann Lipps; And Others – Child Development, 1984
To investigate the effects of instrumental eating on food preferences, 45 preschool children were assigned to either instrumental eating or control conditions. Preference data obtained before and after a series of snack sessions (consisting of milk beverages) demonstrated a significant negative shift in preference for the instrumental groups.…
Descriptors: Contingency Management, Eating Habits, Food, Motivation
The Analysis of Correspondence Training as a Chain Reinforceable at Any Point.
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Paniagua, Freddy A.; Baer, Donald M. – Child Development, 1982
Three experiments analyze correspondence training as a chain of five events consisting of a promise, a series of behaviors leading from the promise to its nonverbal fulfillment (called "intermediate behavior"), a nonverbal behavior that fulfills the promise, a verbal report, and a nonverbal (or reported) behavior. Eight three- to…
Descriptors: Behavior Chaining, Contingency Management, Operant Conditioning, Positive Reinforcement
Shaping Cooperative Cross-Sex Play
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Serbin, Lisa A.; And Others – Child Development, 1977
Contingent praise by classroom teachers was used to cue and reinforce cross-sex cooperative play in 2 nursery school classes of 4-year-old children. Results suggested that previous learning and/or current classroom contingencies may reinforce same-sex playmate choices when teachers do not deliberately reinforce play between boys and girls. (JMB)
Descriptors: Contingency Management, Peer Relationship, Play, Preschool Children
The Effects of Level of Effectance Motivation, IQ, and a Penalty/Reward Contingency on the Choice of Problem Difficulty.
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Pearlman, Charles – Child Development, 1984
The effectance motivation of 624 sixth graders was assessed on the basis of two measures completed by teachers. Student were also observed for their choice of hard and easy problems after being informed of contingencies based on the correctness of solutions. (Author/CI)
Descriptors: Contingency Management, Elementary Education, Elementary School Students, Observation