In response to obsolescence of knowledge and increased need for continuing education, open and distance higher education formats for higher education are being developed in Europe. These formats use technological advances to make continuing education available. Many European Community nations have well organized systems of open university…

Describes a comprehensive program developed at the University of Minnesota to help adult students who suffer from mathematics anxiety. The three components of the program--a diagnostic clinic, individualized tutoring, and content courses--are designed to analyze student needs, both mathematical and emotional, and to address those needs in a…

As a result of new adult education funding arrangements announced by the Further Education Funding Council for England in Spring 2000, short courses of 3 or 6 hours duration were developed that concentrated on basic skills, information and communications technology (ICT), and general lifelong learning subjects. Courses were designed as minicourses…