Jaeggi and her colleagues claimed that they were able to improve fluid intelligence by training working memory. Subjects who trained their working memory on a dual n-back task for a period of time showed significant improvements in working memory span tasks and fluid intelligence tests such as the Raven's Progressive Matrices and the Bochumer…

Here gray and white matter changes after four weeks of videogame practice were analyzed using optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM), cortical surface and cortical thickness indices, and white matter integrity computed from several projection, commissural, and association tracts relevant to cognition. Beginning with a sample of one hundred young…

The interpretation of retest scores is problematic because they are potentially affected by measurement and predictive bias, which impact construct validity, and because their size differs as a function of various factors. This paper investigates the construct stability of scores on a figural matrices test and models retest effects at the level of…

Whether patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) have brain normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) damage and whether such damage contributes to their intellectual disability were examined in 15 TSC patients and 15 gender- and age-matched healthy controls using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Histogram and region of interest (ROI) analyses of…

Although it is well established that preterms as a group do poorly relative to their full-term peers on tests of global cognitive functioning, the basis for this relative deficiency is less understood. The present paper examines preterm deficits in core cognitive abilities and determines their role in mediating preterm/full-term differences in IQ.…

This study is concerned with the preschool and kindergarten phases of an ongoing longitudinal investigation of effects of preschool on educationally advantaged children. Preschool data including demographics, IQ, social competency, and school readiness are reported. Although social competency was enhanced by preschool, gains occurred for both…

A multi-session training approach attempted to teach mildly retarded adolescents to discover and utilize categorical list structure. Recall transfer with new word lists was demonstrated. Differences in use of categorization strategies by normal and retarded adolescents were interpreted in terms of the automatic controlled processing distinction.…

H.H. Spitz argues that interesting results from the preschool intervention of the Abecedarian Project continue to be disregarded. C.T. Ramey reiterates his earlier objections to Spitz's conclusions, and H.H. Spitz rejoins with specific objections to Ramey. (SLD)

Infants judged to be at risk for subnormal intellectual growth were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups which varied as to educational curriculum activities. Two types of evidence, group differences and parent-child IQ correlations, demonstrate the importance of early environments in intellectual development. (Author/RD)