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Murphy, Eric R.; Norr, Megan; Strang, John F.; Kenworthy, Lauren; Gaillard, William D.; Vaidya, Chandan J. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2017
We examined spontaneous attention orienting to visual salience in stimuli without social significance using a modified Dot-Probe task during functional magnetic resonance imaging in high-functioning preadolescent children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and age- and IQ-matched control children. While the magnitude of attentional bias (faster…
Descriptors: Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Autism, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Visual Perception
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Emberti Gialloreti, Leonardo; Pardini, Matteo; Benassi, Francesca; Marciano, Sara; Amore, Mario; Mutolo, Maria Giulia; Porfirio, Maria Cristina; Curatolo, Paolo – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2014
Recent years have seen an increase in the use of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) evaluation as an easy-to-use, reproducible, proxy-measure of brain structural abnormalities. Here, we evaluated RNFL thickness in a group of subjects with high functioning autism (HFA) or with Asperger Syndrome (AS) to its potential as a tool to study autism…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Physiology, Control Groups
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Belle, Janna; van Hulst, Branko M.; Durston, Sarah – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2015
Background: Intra-individual variability reflects temporal variation within an individual's performance on a cognitive task. Children with developmental disorders, such as ADHD and ASD show increased levels of intra-individual variability. In typical development, intra-individual variability decreases sharply between the ages 6 and 20. The tight…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
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Fahim, C.; Yoon, U.; Nashaat, N. H.; Khalil, A. K.; El-Belbesy, M.; Mancini-Marie, A.; Evans, A. C.; Meguid, N. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2012
Background: Genetically Williams syndrome (WS) promises to provide essential insight into the pathophysiology of cortical development because its ~28 deleted genes are crucial for cortical neuronal migration and maturation. Phenotypically, WS is one of the most puzzling childhood neurodevelopmental disorders affecting most intellectual…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Disorders, Intelligence Quotient, Genetics, Scientific Research
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May, Tamara; Brewer, Warrick J.; Rinehart, Nicole J.; Enticott, Peter G.; Brereton, Avril V.; Tonge, Bruce J. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2011
Key theories of autism implicate orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) compromise, while olfactory identification (OI) deficits are associated with OFC dysfunction. This study aimed to complete a 5-year follow-up of children with high-functioning autism (HFA) who previously lacked the normal age-OI association; and compare unirhinal-OI in children with HFA,…
Descriptors: Autism, Asperger Syndrome, Identification, Integrity
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Enticott, Peter G.; Bradshaw, John L.; Iansek, Robert; Tonge, Bruce J.; Rinehart, Nicole J. – Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2009
Aims: Motor dysfunction is common to both autism and Asperger syndrome, but the underlying neurophysiological impairments are unclear. Neurophysiological examinations of motor dysfunction can provide information about likely sites of functional impairment and can contribute to the debate about whether autism and Asperger syndrome are variants of…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Females, Autism, Asperger Syndrome
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Gioia, Maria C.; Cerasa, Antonio; Valentino, Paola; Fera, Francesco; Nistico, Rita; Liguori, Maria; Lanza, Pierluigi; Quattrone, Aldo – Brain and Cognition, 2009
Extraversion and Neuroticism are two fundamental dimensions of human personality that influence cognitive functioning in healthy subjects. Little is known about personality changes that may occur in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) nor about, in particular, their neurofunctional basis. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of…
Descriptors: Personality Traits, Personality, Patients, Personality Change
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Shriver, A. S.; Canady, J.; Richman, L.; Andreasen, N. C.; Nopoulos, P. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2006
Background: In a previous study from our lab, adult males with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCLP) were shown to have significantly lower temporal lobe gray matter volume than matched controls. The current study was designed to begin a regional analysis of specific subregions of the temporal lobe. The superior temporal plane (STP) is a…
Descriptors: Hearing Impairments, Language Tests, Congenital Impairments, Intelligence Quotient