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Tomasello, Michael; Carpenter, Malinda; Liszkowski, Ulf – Child Development, 2007
The current article proposes a new theory of infant pointing involving multiple layers of intentionality and shared intentionality. In the context of this theory, evidence is presented for a rich interpretation of prelinguistic communication, that is, one that posits that when 12-month-old infants point for an adult they are in some sense trying…
Descriptors: Infants, Nonverbal Communication, Cooperation, Sharing Behavior
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Putallaz, Martha; Sheppard, Blair H. – Child Development, 1990
Six-year-old children were paired according to sociometric status and observed in limited-resource play situations. Their responses were coded in terms of focus on their own concerns or those of the other child. Low status dyads adopted a competitive stance more than high status dyads, who focused more on mutual benefit. (BC)
Descriptors: Competition, Cooperation, Goal Orientation, Interpersonal Relationship