Collaboration scripts are widely employed in online collaborative learning to enhance student engagement and facilitate collaboration. However, the optimal level of scripting remains a subject of debate. This study aims to address this issue by designing and developing different types of collaborative scripts implemented through conversational…

Argumentation is a complex skill essential for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students to effectively use their English language and reasoning abilities in writing and speaking. Constructing arguments without proper collaborative scaffolding and technological support can be cognitively demanding. Generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI) in…