The purpose of this research is to examine whether the effect of mathematics instructional strategies depends on first graders' entering mathematics skills. In particular, the authors compare Saxon Math, which is a highly scripted whole class mathematics core curriculum and Saxon Math supplemented with student/peer assisted learning opportunities.…

The ESEA Blueprint for Reform states that teachers need "effective, ongoing, job-embedded, professional development that is targeted to student and school needs… [and] aligned with evidence of improvements in student learning." Unfortunately, the professional development approaches advocated, though sensible and compelling in theory,…