With the highest incarceration rate in the world, the United States has set an inauspicious precedent. More than 1.7 million American children--one in every 43--have a parent in jail or prison. The generational effects of incarceration are deep and lasting and include vastly increased risks of criminal justice involvement among the children of…

The US has one of the most inequitably funded school systems and the largest prison population in the industrialized world. These two factors help to construct what is known as the school to prison pipeline. The past 30 years has included punitive policies within schools and the criminal justice system that have resulted in a disproportionate…

There is an emerging paradigm in probation and parole in the United States. That new outlook encompasses a realization that these forms of supervision of offenders must meet the challenges of an increasing number of parolees and probationers. Recidivism continues to be the primary outcome measure for probation, as it is for all corrections…

Probation and parole supervision of undocumented immigrants in the United States presents numerous complications for state level community supervision agencies. States receive no budgetary assistance from the federal government for these offenders who may experience special difficulties such as language barriers in communication and understanding…

The U.K. National Audit Office (NAO) commissioned RAND Europe to conduct this review to identify and synthesize international research about the effectiveness of community orders in reducing re-offending. In this report, we review research on ten of the common requirements contained in community orders. Through examining reviews, systematic…

The U.K. National Audit Office (NAO) commissioned RAND Europe to conduct this review to identify and synthesize international research about the effectiveness of community orders in reducing re-offending. In this report, we review research on ten of the common requirements contained in community orders. Through examining reviews, systematic…

This book will be an original and indispensable resource for all who believe in the importance of art in the wider educational realm. Framing the recent "educational turn" in the arts within a broad historical and social context, this anthology raises fundamental questions about how and what should be taught in an era of distributive…

This is the first of two articles about aspects of the correctional education (CE) professional identity issue. This article addresses the meaning of the CE/prison reform link, and discusses the lives of two 19th-century CE/prison reform heroes: Alexander Maconochie and Zebulon Brockway. (CT)

Every day the author enters a world of hierarchy that she cannot fully comprehend--a world in which she is expected to teach, transform, and rehabilitate incarcerated women into "productive" citizens. It is a world where political forces blow powerfully on anyone that challenges the status quo. She works with a population that most…

Since the late 1960s, politicians and policymakers have talked tough on crime and have passed tough laws to build prisons and to prescribe lengthy sentences for the criminally convicted. In the past five years, however, public attention has focused on a criminal justice issue to which politicians and other public officials previously paid little…

Relatively little research has examined the outcomes (either program completion or recidivism) of community service (CS) sentences among adult offenders in the United States, despite the fact that this form of alternative sanction has been employed in the United States for nearly 40 years. What little research exists, primarily from Europe,…

Early in 2004 the New England Board of Higher Education bestowed its annual award for excellence on Changing Lives Through Literature. A 1991 experiment that has spread by word of mouth through a dozen courts in Massachusetts, Changing Lives puts the classroom study of literature at the core of an alternative-sentencing program for criminal…

Compares youths' perceptions of confinement, feelings of restriction and the impact of these perceptions on youth's reaction to educational and rehabilitative programs they received. Testing of youth in two different countries showed that perceptions were related to their attitudes toward, and reactions to, these programs, although some…

The Federally-sponsored research and development project centered on the current state of participatory management programs in correctional institutions. Questionnaires were mailed to all adult institutions known to have some form of council or committee structure. On-site visits conducted at several institutions included: large and small; male,…

Supervision of offenders in the community remains a critical component of the correctional processes in the United States. With almost six million offenders under correctional supervision in the community, there has been relatively little attention and few resources devoted to the style and quality of supervision received by these offenders. As a…