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Creed, Peter A.; Conlon, Elizabeth G.; Dhaliwal, Kamal – Journal of Career Assessment, 2013
We used two studies to evaluate, modify, and provide initial validation for a revised Academic Hardiness scale. First, 16 experts rated scale items for content validity and identified two problematic questions. Second, confirmatory factor analyses with 300 Grade 10 students (46% boys, age range 14-17) identified a 17-item version to be the best…
Descriptors: Measures (Individuals), Test Validity, Content Validity, Factor Analysis
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Cunningham, Anne E.; Stanovich, Keith E. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1991
The construct validity of a new measure of children's exposure to print, the Title Recognition Test (TRT), was assessed with 34 fourth, 33 fifth, and 67 sixth graders. The TRT demonstrated significant correlations with spelling, vocabulary, verbal fluency, word knowledge, and general information. (SLD)
Descriptors: Children, Construct Validity, Correlation, Elementary School Students