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Barth, Amy E.; Stuebing, Karla K.; Fletcher, Jack M.; Denton, Carolyn A.; Vaughn, Sharon; Francis, David – Assessment for Effective Intervention, 2014
We evaluated the technical adequacy of oral reading fluency (ORF) probes in which 1,472 middle school students with and without reading difficulties read fluency probes for 60 s versus reading the full passage. Results suggested that the reliability of 60-s probes (rs = 0.75) was not substantively different than full passage probes (rs = 0.77)…
Descriptors: Middle School Students, Reading Fluency, Reading Tests, Reading Difficulties
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McCormick, Meghan P.; O'Connor, Erin E.; Cappella, Elise; McClowry, Sandee G. – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2013
A robust body of research has identified associations between positive teacher-child relationships--characterized by high levels of closeness and low levels of conflict--and children's academic achievement in elementary school (e.g. Roorda, 2012). Additional studies find that high-quality teacher-child relationships may promote academic resilience…
Descriptors: Teacher Student Relationship, Reading Achievement, Mathematics Achievement, Correlation