Purpose: Narrative skill represents a higher-level linguistic skill that shows incremental development in the preschool years. During these years, there are considerable individual differences in this skill, with some children being highly skilled narrators (i.e., precocious) relative to peers of their age. In this study, we explored the…

Peer-effects research finds that preschool children's language growth is associated with classmates' skills and that children with disabilities especially benefit from classmates with higher skills. The current study estimates the amount of "peer language resources" individual children access through their classroom-based peer social…

Although memory retrieval often enhances subsequent memory, Peterson and Mulligan (2013) reported conditions under which retrieval produces poorer subsequent recall--the negative testing effect. The item-specific--relational account proposes that the effect occurs when retrieval disrupts interitem organizational processing relative to the restudy…

Disrespect is an ambiguous term that has been shown to be predictive of emotional exhaustion and burnout of teachers. This study examined 120 rural teachers' definition of disrespect. Seventeen different definitions of disrespect emerged from the data. Implications of identifying these definitions are discussed as well as how researchers can…