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Sparks, Richard L. – Language Teaching Research Quarterly, 2022
This paper examines evidence for relationships among individual differences (IDs) in L1 achievement, L2 aptitude, and L2 achievement. It begins by providing an overview of my academic journey from L1 educator to L2 researcher and explains the development of the Linguistic Coding Differences Hypothesis (LCDH). Next, I review Peter Skehan's…
Descriptors: Correlation, Language Aptitude, Native Language, Second Language Learning
Goodwin, Amanda P.; Petscher, Yaacov; Reynolds, Dan; Lantos, Tess; Gould, Sara; Tock, Jamie – Education Sciences, 2018
The history of vocabulary research has specified a rich and complex construct, resulting in calls for vocabulary research, assessment, and instruction to take into account the complex problem space of vocabulary. At the intersection of vocabulary theory and assessment modeling, this paper suggests a suite of modeling techniques that model the…
Descriptors: Factor Analysis, Correlation, Language Tests, Standardized Tests
Goodwin, Amanda P.; Petscher, Yaacov; Reynolds, Dan; Lantos, Tess; Gould, Sara; Tock, Jamie – Grantee Submission, 2018
The history of vocabulary research has specified a rich and complex construct, resulting in calls for vocabulary research, assessment, and instruction to take into account the complex problem space of vocabulary. At the intersection of vocabulary theory and assessment modeling, this paper suggests a suite of modeling techniques that model the…
Descriptors: Factor Analysis, Correlation, Language Tests, Standardized Tests
Leung, Constant; Evans, Michael; Liu, Yongcan – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2021
The language assessment issues discussed in this paper are set against the backdrop of the English as an additional language (EAL) provision for students from ethnic and linguistic minority communities in the publicly funded school education system in England. We will first provide a background description of the educational response to linguistic…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language), Foreign Countries
Cobb, Tom; Horst, Marlise – Canadian Modern Language Review, 2019
The vocabulary research of the 1980s and 1990s brought a breath of fresh air into the language classroom. Teachers in many remote EFL locations had long suspected that vocabulary was their learners' main challenge, but there was little research evidence to confirm this or say what to do about it. Then, suddenly, work by Nation, Laufer, Meara,…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Vocabulary Development, Computational Linguistics, Grammar
Evans, Michael; Fisher, Linda – Language Learning Journal, 2022
Ofsted's 2021 Curriculum Research Review outlines a language pedagogy predicated on an exclusively cognitivist approach to language learning, which relies on three 'pillars of progression': phonics, vocabulary and grammar. The review makes a brief acknowledgement of the importance of motivational factors, including 'pupils' positive views of…
Descriptors: Self Concept, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Multilingualism
Plough, India; Banerjee, Jayanti; Iwashita, Noriko – Language Testing, 2018
The papers in this special issue provide support for continued scrutiny of interactional competence (IC) as an important component of the speaking construct. The contributions underscore the complex nature of IC and remind us of the multiple factors that affect any construct definition. At the same time, each study offers insights into those…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Proficiency, Correlation, Communicative Competence (Languages)
MacDonald, Jennifer J. – TESL Canada Journal, 2019
The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) standardized English language proficiency (ELP) exam is widely accepted proof of ELP at Canadian universities. The majority of Canadian universities set very similar IELTS cut scores for admission; however, these differ from the IELTS-recommended minimum cut scores. The use of the IELTS…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Language Proficiency
Alavi, Seyyed Mohammad; Akbarian, Is'haaq – System: An International Journal of Educational Technology and Applied Linguistics, 2012
This study aims to examine a) whether vocabulary knowledge, captured in the Vocabulary Levels Test (VLT), is related to the performance on the five types of reading comprehension items tested in TOEFL, i.e., Guessing Vocabulary, Main Idea, Inference, Reference, and Stated Detail; and b) whether EFL learners with different levels of vocabulary…
Descriptors: Knowledge Level, Test Items, English (Second Language), Reading Comprehension
Nunan, Anna – Language Learning in Higher Education, 2014
The Applied Language Centre at University College Dublin offers foreign language modules to students in ten languages at CEFR [Common European Framework of Reference for Languages] levels ranging from A1 to B2. Efforts have been underway in the Centre to standardise the assessment components across languages to ensure parity between module credits…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, College Students, Standards
Haberman, Shelby J. – Educational Testing Service, 2011
Alternative approaches are discussed for use of e-rater[R] to score the TOEFL iBT[R] Writing test. These approaches involve alternate criteria. In the 1st approach, the predicted variable is the expected rater score of the examinee's 2 essays. In the 2nd approach, the predicted variable is the expected rater score of 2 essay responses by the…
Descriptors: Writing Tests, Scoring, Essays, Language Tests
Sparks, Richard L. – Language Learning, 2012
In this article, I describe studies conducted over 25 years with secondary and post-secondary L2 learners in the United States. The evidence from these studies shows that there are important connections between students' early L1 skills and their L2 aptitude and L2 proficiency and that individual differences in students' L1 skills in elementary…
Descriptors: Secondary School Students, College Students, Individual Differences, Language Research
Minicz, Elizabeth A. Watson; And Others – 1989
Recent workplace literacy initiatives for limited-English-proficient (LEP) employees in Illinois have resulted in employer interest in the measurement of adult English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) achievement, particularly in the area of reading comprehension. Employers are requesting that evidence of a language minority employee's reading ability…
Descriptors: Adult Basic Education, Comparative Analysis, Correlation, Employer Attitudes

Moy, Raymond H. – System, 1984
Discusses the problems associated with "grading on a curve," the approach often used for standard setting on language proficiency tests. Proposes four main steps presented in the setting of a non-arbitrary cut-score. These steps not only establish a proficiency standard checked by external criteria, but also check to see that the test covers the…
Descriptors: Cloze Procedure, Correlation, Dictation, English (Second Language)

Park, Gi-Pyo – Foreign Language Annals, 1997
Investigated the relationship between language learning strategies and second language proficiency for Korean students of English as a Second Language. Findings indicate that the relationship between strategies and proficiency was linear; strategies were significantly correlated with test scores; and cognitive and social strategies were more…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, College Students, Correlation, English (Second Language)
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