Publication Date
| In 2025 | 0 |
| Since 2024 | 0 |
| Since 2021 (last 5 years) | 0 |
| Since 2016 (last 10 years) | 1 |
| Since 2006 (last 20 years) | 2 |
Descriptor
Source
| Journal of Multicultural… | 2 |
Publication Type
| Journal Articles | 2 |
| Reports - Research | 2 |
Education Level
| Higher Education | 1 |
Audience
Location
Laws, Policies, & Programs
Assessments and Surveys
What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Peer reviewed
Direct linkWilliams-Washington, Kristin N.; Mills, Chmaika P. – Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 2018
Research indicates that race-based discrimination is detrimental to the mental and physical health of African Americans. The authors sought preliminary evidence of internal consistency and factorial validity of an African American Historical Trauma questionnaire administered to 400 participants. Reliability and exploratory factor analyses resulted…
Descriptors: Racial Discrimination, Trauma, African American History, Factor Analysis
Cokley, Kevin; Helm, Katherine – Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 2007
This study investigated how predictive the Cross Racial Identity Scale (CRIS; B. J. Vandiver, W. E. Cross, F. C. Worrell, & P. Fhagen-Smith, 2002), a measure of Black racial identity, was of African American cultural practices, beliefs, and attitudes (i.e., enculturation) as measured by the African American Acculturation Scale-33 (H. Landrine & E.…
Descriptors: Measures (Individuals), African American Culture, Racial Identification, Ethnicity
