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Direct linkLiu, Tingting; Aryadoust, Vahid; Foo, Stacy – Language Testing, 2022
This study evaluated the validity of the Michigan English Test (MET) Listening Section by investigating its underlying factor structure and the replicability of its factor structure across multiple test forms. Data from 3255 test takers across four forms of the MET Listening Section were used. To investigate the factor structure, each form was…
Descriptors: Factor Structure, Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Yan, Xun; Kim, Ha Ram; Kim, Ji Young – Language Testing, 2021
Speech fluency has been extensively researched as a core construct for second language (L2) speaking assessment. Despite the broad consensus on its multifaceted nature, few researchers have empirically explored the dimensionality of this construct. Operationalizations of fluency vary across research and practice, using both holistic and…
Descriptors: Language Fluency, Language Tests, Accuracy, Speech Communication
Min, Shangchao; Bishop, Kyoungwon; Gary Cook, Howard – Language Testing, 2022
This study explored the interplay between content knowledge and reading ability in a large-scale multistage adaptive English for academic purposes (EAP) reading assessment at a range of ability levels across 1-12 graders. The datasets for this study were item-level responses to the reading tests of ACCESS for ELLs Online 2.0. A sample of 10,000…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, English Language Learners, Correlation, Reading Ability
Huang, Becky H.; Bailey, Alison L.; Sass, Daniel A.; Shawn Chang, Yung-hsiang – Language Testing, 2021
Given the increasing emphasis of communicative competence in English as a foreign language (EFL) contexts and the lack of validation research on speaking assessments for adolescent EFL learners, in the current study we examined the validity of the TOEFL Junior® speaking test, a relatively new speaking assessment developed by Educational Testing…
Descriptors: Test Validity, Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Choi, Ikkyu; Papageorgiou, Spiros – Language Testing, 2020
Stakeholders of language tests are often interested in subscores. However, reporting a subscore is not always justified; a subscore should provide reliable and distinct information to be worth reporting. When a subscore is used for decisions across multiple levels (e.g., individual test takers and schools), it needs to be justified for its…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Scores
Yoo, Hanwook; Manna, Venessa F. – Language Testing, 2017
This study assessed the factor structure of the Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC®) Listening and Reading test, and its invariance across subgroups of test-takers. The subgroups were defined by (a) gender, (b) age, (c) employment status, (d) time spent studying English, and (e) having lived in a country where English is the…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Proficiency, Language Tests, Second Language Learning
Cheng, Junyu; Matthews, Joshua – Language Testing, 2018
This study explores the constructs that underpin three different measures of vocabulary knowledge and investigates the degree to which these three measures correlate with, and are able to predict, measures of second language (L2) listening and reading. Word frequency structured vocabulary tests tapping "receptive/orthographic (RecOrth)…
Descriptors: Listening Comprehension, Reading Comprehension, Reading Tests, Correlation
Culligan, Brent – Language Testing, 2015
This study compared three common vocabulary test formats, the Yes/No test, the Vocabulary Knowledge Scale (VKS), and the Vocabulary Levels Test (VLT), as measures of vocabulary difficulty. Vocabulary difficulty was defined as the item difficulty estimated through Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis. Three tests were given to 165 Japanese students,…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Test Format, Comparative Analysis, Vocabulary
Huang, Francis L.; Konold, Timothy R. – Language Testing, 2014
Psychometric properties of the Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening for Kindergarten (PALS-K) instrument were investigated in a sample of 2844 first-time public school kindergarteners. PALS-K is a widely used English literacy screening assessment. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a theoretically defensible measurement structure that was…
Descriptors: Phonological Awareness, Kindergarten, Literacy, Screening Tests
In'nami, Yo; Koizumi, Rie – Language Testing, 2012
This study examined the factor structure of the listening and reading sections of the revised Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC[R]) test. The data from the TOEIC IP (institutional program) test taken by 569 English learners were randomly split into two samples (n = 285 vs. 284). Four models (higher-order, correlated,…
Descriptors: Communication (Thought Transfer), Second Language Learning, Factor Structure, Measurement
Bae, Jungok; Bachman, Lyle F. – Language Testing, 2010
This study investigated the validity of four theoretically motivated traits of writing ability across English and Korean, based on elementary school students' responses to letter- and story-writing tasks. Their responses were scored analytically and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. The findings include the following. A model of writing…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Validity, Korean, English (Second Language)
Sinharay, Sandip; Powers, Donald E.; Feng, Ying; Saldivia, Luis; Giunta, Anthony; Simpson, Annabelle; Weng, Vincent – Language Testing, 2009
In order to facilitate the interpretation of test scores from the TOEIC[R] "Bridge" as a measure of English language proficiency, one form of the test was administered to more than 6000 test takers in three South American countries--Colombia, Chile and Ecuador. The appropriateness of the TOEIC "Bridge" test as a measure of…
Descriptors: Factor Analysis, Foreign Countries, Language Skills, English (Second Language)
Pae, Tae-Il; Park, Gi-Pyo – Language Testing, 2006
The present study utilized both the IRT-LR (item response theory likelihood ratio) and a series of CFA (confirmatory factor analysis) multi-sample analyses to systematically examine the relationships between DIF (differential item functioning) and DTF (differential test functioning) with a random sample of 15 000 Korean examinees. Specifically,…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Factor Analysis, Test Bias, Test Validity
