Bifactor latent structures were introduced over 70 years ago, but only recently has bifactor modeling been rediscovered as an effective approach to modeling "construct-relevant" multidimensionality in a set of ordered categorical item responses. I begin by describing the Schmid-Leiman bifactor procedure (Schmid & Leiman, 1957) and highlight its…

The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D) was developed to assess the population prevalence of depression. The CES-D was developed and normed on an adult population. Since the CES-D's publication, various studies have both used and psychometrically assessed the scale for older adolescent populations. However, we found no…

Masculinity and femininity were related to multiple dimensions of self-concept in responses from 962 high school students. It was found that masculinity and femininity each contributed positively and uniquely to the prediction of well-differentiated facets of self-concept. (Author/LMO)