In structural equation modeling, relationships between exogenous and endogenous variables are often assumed to be linear though that is not a requirement. A recent trend in modeling latent interactions and moderations has stimulated further inquiry into nonlinear relationships and the analysis techniques associated with those types of models.…

Background: Alcohol-related sexual assault is a pressing health concern on U.S. college campuses. The unrelenting prevalence of campus sexual assault has led to a greater focus on how to empower college women to resist unwanted sexual advances within alcohol-infused contexts. Alcohol-aggression expectancies have emerged as one potential barrier to…

This quantitative study examines how support facilitation instruction affects high school students without disabilities end-of-course assessment scores and Algebra l-B grades using descriptive statistics, t-test two-sample assuming equal variances, F-test two-sample for variances, and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) analysis. The two-sample…

In many psychological and educational applications, it is imperative to obtain valid and reliable score estimates of multilevel processes. For example, in order to assess the quality and characteristics of high impact learning processes, one must compute accurate scores representative of student- and classroom-level constructs. Currently, there…

While language aptitude and motivation are considered to be important contributors to second language (L2) attainment, two major gaps in the past research have been (1) a lack of nonlinear models stemming from a naive and tacit assumption that learning outcomes are linearly related to their predictors, and (2) a lack of unified and integrative…

This dissertation includes three individual articles that explore the relationship between witnessing bullying and defending behavior among students who are bystanders of bullying. Chapter One provides the rationale and purpose of this dissertation and an overview of the three articles that comprise it. Chapter Two employed a cross-sectional…

Online course persistence at community colleges is a serious issue, with students being between 3 and 15 percentage points more likely to withdraw than those taking the on-campus equivalent (Xu et al., 2019). Despite the continued growth in distance education, quality online course design is a concern throughout the literature. This quantitative,…

Biblical worldview integration is a distinguishing mark of a Christian school (Burton & Nwosu, 2003). However, it is improbable that teachers will successfully integrate a biblical worldview if they do not first hold that worldview themselves. The purpose of this qualitative investigation was to enhance understanding of the professional…

The three research papers completed and compiled to make up this dissertation explore the relationship between social presence and social construction of knowledge in asynchronous online discussion forums in higher education courses in the instructional technology field. Paper 1 is a literature review of the interaction analysis model (IAM)…

Decades of psycholinguistics research have shown that human sentence processing is highly incremental and predictive. This has provided evidence for expectation-based theories of sentence processing, which posit that the processing difficulty of linguistic material is modulated by its probability in context. However, these theories do not make…

This study is quantitative and includes a non-experimental research design between the constructs of the Full Range Leadership Model and Burnout dimensions. This study examined the relationship between leadership styles and burnout as perceived by the follower while controlling gender, age, tenure, and educational attainment. Participants were…

The present cross-sectional study examined the interrelationships between mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude, and burnout in a sample of Health Service Psychology doctoral trainees (n = 234) using structural equation modeling. Results suggested that mindfulness, self-compassion, and gratitude may each function as important internal resources…

This quantitative study examined teachers' self-efficacy in teaching multilingual learners (MLL) and implementing the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) to support MLL instruction in classrooms. The problem is that teachers' self-efficacy when teaching MLLs may affect them not utilizing the best research-based Tier 1 instructional…

As educators, our goal is to help our students be successful, but in order to accomplish this, we need to understand what factors contribute to student success. One factor, small-group active learning, has been correlated to improved academic outcomes; however, the magnitude of this improvement can vary across different courses, different types of…

This research consists of a non-experimental, descriptive and correlation research design to analyze the relationship between principals' leadership style as well as principal cultural competency and their impact on student achievement and stake-holders perception. The study took place in the South Puget Sound region of Washington state in one of…