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Blanch, Angel; Martínez, Albert – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2023
Individual differences in cognitive performance depend on age, skill, and type of task. Nonetheless, whether performance is measured with accuracy (ACC) or with the trade-off between responding speed and accuracy (SAT) could render subtle different relationships. Age and skill might associate more strongly with SAT performance in reasoning tasks,…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Games, Cognitive Ability, Task Analysis
Mei Ma; Maxim Likhanov; Xinlin Zhou – British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2024
Background: Recent research suggested fluent processing as an explanation on why number sense contributes to simple arithmetic tasks--'Fluency hypothesis'. Aims: The current study investigates whether number sense contributes to such arithmetic tasks when other cognitive factors are controlled for (including those that mediate the link); and…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Numeracy, Arithmetic, Grade 1
Zupan, Zorana; Blagrove, Elisabeth L.; Watson, Derrick G. – Developmental Psychology, 2023
By approximately 6 years of age, children can use time-based visual selection to ignore stationary stimuli, already in the visual field and prioritize the selection of newly arriving stimuli. This ability can be studied using preview search, a version of the visual search paradigm with an added temporal component, in which one set of distractors…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Visual Stimuli, Comparative Analysis, Adults
Schulz, Daniel; Richter, Tobias; Schindler, Julia; Lenhard, Wolfgang; Mangold, Madlen – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2023
Inhibitory control is a core executive function that develops during childhood and is measured with tasks that require the inhibition of a dominant response. The current study examined the diagnostic value of using response accuracy and latency in a simple inhibitory control test, the computerized Pointing-Stroop Task (cPST), for kindergarten…
Descriptors: Kindergarten, Item Response Theory, Reaction Time, Inhibition
Faroqi-Shah, Yasmeen; Gehman, Megan – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2021
Purpose: When speakers retrieve words, they do so extremely quickly and accurately--both speed and accuracy of word retrieval are compromised in persons with aphasia (PWA). This study examined the contribution of two domain-general mechanisms: processing speed and cognitive control on word retrieval in PWA. Method: Three groups of participants,…
Descriptors: Aphasia, Language Processing, Cognitive Processes, Age Differences
Ren, Jinglei; Wang, Min; Arciuli, Joanne – Developmental Psychology, 2023
The purpose of this meta-analytic review is to investigate the relation between statistical learning (SL) and language-related outcomes, and between SL and reading-related outcomes. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed published research resulted in 42 articles with 53 independent samples and 201 reported effect sizes (Pearson's r). Results of…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Correlation, Reading Skills, Outcomes of Education
Zekveld, Adriana A.; van Scheepen, J. A. M.; Versfeld, Niek J.; Kramer, Sophia E.; van Steenbergen, Henk – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2020
Purpose: The pupil dilation response is sensitive not only to auditory task demand but also to cognitive conflict. Conflict is induced by incompatible trials in auditory Stroop tasks in which participants have to identify the presentation location (left or right ear) of the words "left" or "right." Previous studies demonstrated…
Descriptors: Hearing Impairments, Eye Movements, Auditory Stimuli, Task Analysis
Bradford, Elisabeth E. F.; Brunsdon, Victoria E. A.; Ferguson, Heather J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Perspective-taking plays an important role in daily life, allowing consideration of other people's perspectives and viewpoints. This study used a large sample of 265 community-based participants (aged 20-86 years) to examine changes in perspective-taking abilities--a component of "Theory of Mind"--across adulthood, and how these changes…
Descriptors: Perspective Taking, Eye Movements, Error Patterns, Older Adults
Liu, Xiuying; Liu, Tongran; Shangguan, Fangfang; Sørensen, Thomas Alrik; Liu, Qian; Shi, Jiannong – Developmental Psychology, 2018
Conflict adaptation is key in how children self-regulate and assert cognitive control in a given situation compared with a previous experience. In the current study, we analyzed event-related potentials (ERPs) to identify age-related differences in conflict adaptation. Participants of different ages (5-year-old children, 10-year-old children, and…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Diagnostic Tests, Physiology, Comparative Analysis
Rey-Mermet, Alodie; Gade, Miriam; Oberauer, Klaus – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Inhibition is often conceptualized as a unitary construct reflecting the ability to ignore and suppress irrelevant information. At the same time, it has been subdivided into inhibition of prepotent responses (i.e., the ability to stop dominant responses) and resistance to distracter interference (i.e., the ability to ignore distracting…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Age Differences, Individual Differences, Responses
Cohen-Gilbert, Julia E.; Stein, Elena R.; Gunnar, Megan R.; Thomas, Kathleen M. – Journal of Early Adolescence, 2018
This study investigated whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genotype moderated inhibitory control during an emotionally valenced task in a sample of internationally adopted adolescents (N = 109, ages 12-13 years) who spent their early years in institutional care. Participants were genotyped for the Val66Met polymorphism of the BDNF…
Descriptors: Stress Variables, Genetics, Inhibition, Task Analysis
Michal, Audrey L.; Uttal, David; Shah, Priti; Franconeri, Steven L. – Grantee Submission, 2016
Linking relations described in text with relations in visualizations is often difficult. We used eye tracking to measure the optimal way to extract such relations in graphs, college students, and young children (6- and 8-year-olds). Participants compared relational statements ("Are there more blueberries than oranges?") with simple…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Graphs, College Students, Young Children
Wolter, Brent; Yamashita, Junko – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2018
This study investigated the effects of word frequency, collocational frequency, L1 congruency, and L2 proficiency, on L2 collocational processing. Two groups of L1 Japanese speakers of English (intermediate and advanced) and one group of English native speakers (NSs) performed an online acceptability judgment task on four types of adjective-noun…
Descriptors: Word Frequency, Phrase Structure, Native Language, Second Language Learning
Goldhammer, Frank; Martens, Thomas; Christoph, Gabriela; Lüdtke, Oliver – OECD Publishing, 2016
In this study, we investigated how empirical indicators of test-taking engagement can be defined, empirically validated, and used to describe group differences in the context of the Programme of International Assessment of Adult Competences (PIAAC). The approach was to distinguish between disengaged and engaged response behavior by means of…
Descriptors: International Assessment, Adults, Response Style (Tests), Reaction Time
West, Greg L.; Mendizabal, Sandrine; Carrière, Marie-Pierre; Lippé, Sarah – Developmental Psychology, 2014
The present study examined development-related differences in saccade curvature during a goal-directed saccade task in the presence of distracting visual information. Participants were individuals who ranged in age from 6 to 30 years. Consistent with previous findings, all participants showed curvature toward the distractor stimulus at shorter…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Individual Development, Inhibition, Eye Movements