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Bitsika, Vicki; Sharpley, Christopher F. – British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 2020
The associations between sons' challenging behaviour and mothers' anxiety and depression were investigated in four age-subgroups of boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder and their mothers (n = 49). Significant correlations were found only for the 6-yr-old boys' irritability and their mothers' anxiety (r = 0.808) and depression (r = 0.762), and for…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Correlation, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
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Tully, Erin C.; Gray, Jackson M.; Goodman, Sherryl H.; Nowicki, Stephen, Jr. – Early Child Development and Care, 2016
Children who expect they can bring about good outcomes and avoid bad outcomes tend to experience more personal successes. Little is known about factors that contribute to these "control expectancies". The purpose of the present study was to determine whether children's internal control expectancies occur in the context of parents'…
Descriptors: Locus of Control, Expectation, Parents, Family Environment
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Eggum, Natalie D.; Eisenberg, Nancy; Spinrad, Tracy L.; Reiser, Mark; Gaertner, Bridget M.; Sallquist, Julie; Smith, Cynthia L. – Infancy, 2009
The relations of childhood fearfulness (observed and adult reported) and adult-reported shyness at 18 (n = 256) and 30 (n = 230) months of age were assessed. Fear was positively related to shyness concurrently and longitudinally, but slightly more consistently at 18 months. The moderating roles of observed maternal sensitivity and children's sex…
Descriptors: Shyness, Mothers, Daughters, Affective Behavior