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Deirdre M. McCarthy; Thomas J. Spencer; Pradeep G. Bhide – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2024
Objective: We offer an overview of ADHD research using mouse models of nicotine exposure. Method: Nicotine exposure of C57BL/6 or Swiss Webster mice occurred during prenatal period only or during the prenatal and the preweaning periods. Behavioral, neuroanatomical and neurotransmitter assays were used to investigate neurobiological mechanisms of…
Descriptors: Models, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Smoking, Animals
John M. Hollander – ProQuest LLC, 2024
Embodied models of language comprehension assume that words become associated with sensorimotor experiences during word learning. Novel word learning paradigms may provide insight into embodied effects, but studies in this domain have yet to account for how concepts and information known in first language (L1) might influence the sensorimotor…
Descriptors: Psychomotor Skills, Native Language, Interference (Language), Bilingualism
Scott, Gavin A.; Liu, Max C.; Tahir, Nimra B.; Zabder, Nadine K.; Song, Yuanyi; Greba, Quentin; Howland, John G. – Learning & Memory, 2020
Working memory (WM), the capacity for short-term storage of small quantities of information for immediate use, is thought to depend on activity within the prefrontal cortex. Recent evidence indicates that the prefrontal neuronal activity supporting WM is driven by thalamocortical connections arising in mediodorsal thalamus (mdThal). However, the…
Descriptors: Role, Animals, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Short Term Memory
Briskin-Luchinsky, Valeria; Levy, Roi; Halfon, Maayan; Susswein, Abraham J. – Learning & Memory, 2018
Training "Aplysia" with inedible food for a period that is too brief to produce long-term memory becomes effective in producing memory when training is paired with a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Lip stimulation for the same period of time paired with an NO donor is ineffective. Using qPCR, we examined molecular correlates of brief training…
Descriptors: Animals, Training, Food, Long Term Memory
Williams, Amy R.; Kim, Earnest S.; Lattal, K. Matthew – Learning & Memory, 2019
A fundamental property of extinction is that the behavior that is suppressed during extinction can be unmasked through a number of postextinction procedures. Of the commonly studied unmasking procedures (spontaneous recovery, reinstatement, contextual renewal, and rapid reacquisition), rapid reacquisition is the only approach that allows a direct…
Descriptors: Fear, Conditioning, Context Effect, Memory
Zhang, Wen-Hua; Williams, Ziv M. – Learning & Memory, 2015
Once a memory has formed, it is thought to undergo a gradual transition within the brain from short- to long-term storage. This putative process, however, also poses a unique problem to the memory system in that the same learned items must also be retrieved across broadly varying time scales. Here, we find that neurons in the ventrolateral…
Descriptors: Memory, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Animals, Intervals
Graham, Bronwyn M.; Richardson, Rick – Learning & Memory, 2016
These experiments examined the relationship between the neurotrophic factor fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and individual differences in the expression of conditioned fear. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that rats naturally expressing low levels of contextual or cued fear have higher levels of hippocampal FGF2 relative to rats that express…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Correlation, Fear, Animals
Trinh, Mimi A.; Ma, Tao; Kaphzan, Hanoch; Bhattacharya, Aditi; Antion, Marcia D.; Cavener, Douglas R.; Hoeffer, Charles A.; Klann, Eric – Learning & Memory, 2014
The proper regulation of translation is required for the expression of long-lasting synaptic plasticity. A major site of translational control involves the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 a (eIF2a) by PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK). To determine the role of PERK in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, we used the…
Descriptors: Depression (Psychology), Brain Hemisphere Functions, Metabolism, Animals
Pevzner, Aleksandr; Guzowski, John F. – Learning & Memory, 2015
No studies to date have examined whether immediate-early gene (IEG) activation is driven by context memory recall. To address this question, we utilized the context preexposure facilitation effect (CPFE) paradigm. In CPFE, animals acquire contextual fear conditioning through hippocampus-dependent rapid retrieval of a previously formed contextual…
Descriptors: Genetics, Correlation, Recall (Psychology), Context Effect
Faroqi-Shah, Yasmeen; Milman, Lisa – International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 2018
Background: The ability to generate words that follow certain constraints, or verbal fluency, is a sensitive indicator of neurocognitive impairment, and is impacted by a variety of variables. Aims: To investigate the effect of post-stroke aphasia, elicitation category and linguistic variables on verbal fluency performance. Methods &…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Language Fluency, Animals, Scores
Bernier, Brian E.; Lacagnina, Anthony F.; Drew, Michael R. – Learning & Memory, 2015
Studies on the behavioral mechanisms underlying contextual fear conditioning (CFC) have demonstrated the importance of preshock context exposure in the formation of aversive context memories. However, there has been comparatively little investigation of the effects of context exposure immediately after the shock. Some models predict that…
Descriptors: Fear, Learning Processes, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Memory
Johnson, Sarah A.; Sacks, Patricia K.; Turner, Sean M.; Gaynor, Leslie S.; Ormerod, Brandi K.; Maurer, Andrew P.; Bizon, Jennifer L.; Burke, Sara N. – Learning & Memory, 2016
Hippocampal-dependent episodic memory and stimulus discrimination abilities are both compromised in the elderly. The reduced capacity to discriminate between similar stimuli likely contributes to multiple aspects of age-related cognitive impairment; however, the association of these behaviors within individuals has never been examined in an animal…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Animals, Models, Tests
Pezzulo, Giovanni; Cartoni, Emilio; Rigoli, Francesco; io-Lopez, Léo; Friston, Karl – Learning & Memory, 2016
Balancing habitual and deliberate forms of choice entails a comparison of their respective merits--the former being faster but inflexible, and the latter slower but more versatile. Here, we show that arbitration between these two forms of control can be derived from first principles within an Active Inference scheme. We illustrate our arguments…
Descriptors: Interference (Learning), Epistemology, Physiology, Neurology
Grimes, Matthew T.; Powell, Maria; Gutierrez, Sandra Mohammed; Darby-King, Andrea; Harley, Carolyn W.; McLean, John H. – Learning & Memory, 2015
Here we examine the role of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) in ß-adrenergic-dependent associative odor preference learning in rat pups. Bulbar Epac agonist (8-pCPT-2-O-Me-cAMP, or 8-pCPT) infusions, paired with odor, initiated preference learning, which was selective for the paired odor. Interestingly, pairing odor with Epac…
Descriptors: Animals, Olfactory Perception, Biochemistry, Role
Nelson, Andrew J. D.; Hindley, Emma L.; Haddon, Josephine E.; Vann, Seralynne D.; Aggleton, John P. – Learning & Memory, 2014
By virtue of its frontal and hippocampal connections, the retrosplenial cortex is uniquely placed to support cognition. Here, we tested whether the retrosplenial cortex is required for frontal tasks analogous to the Stroop Test, i.e., for the ability to select between conflicting responses and inhibit responding to task-irrelevant cues. Rats first…
Descriptors: Animals, Cognitive Ability, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Correlation