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Frick, Theodore W.; Chadha, Rajat; Watson, Carol; Wang, Ying; Green, Pamela – Educational Technology Research and Development, 2009
Numerous instructional design models have been proposed over the past several decades. Instead of focusing on the design process (means), this study investigated how learners perceived the quality of instruction they experienced (ends). An electronic survey instrument containing nine a priori scales was developed. Students responded from 89…
Descriptors: Instructional Design, Course Objectives, Prior Learning, Time on Task