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Czenilriene J. Santander; Sharon Y. Lee; Gloria Peters; Carmen J. Marsit; Laura R. Stroud – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly: A Peer Relations Journal, 2024
Despite growing interest in placental epigenetics, the combined impact of prenatal stress and socioeconomic status on placental methylation is still largely understudied. We conducted a study to examine the associations of prenatal stress and socioeconomic factors (household income, Hollingshead socioeconomic index) with placental methylation.…
Descriptors: Stress Variables, Pregnancy, Socioeconomic Status, Prenatal Influences
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Markiewicz, Katarzyna; Kaczmarek, Bozydar L. J.; Filipiak, Sara – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2021
The study aimed to identify the mediating role of emotional intelligence and social competences in the relationship between gender and broad autism phenotype (BAP) as well as between age and BAP. It comprised 85 parents of children with ASD. They completed the questionnaires of Autism-Spectrum Quotient, social competences, and emotional…
Descriptors: Emotional Intelligence, Interpersonal Competence, Correlation, Gender Differences
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Hu, Valerie W.; Hong, Yi; Xu, Minyi; Shu, Henry T. – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2021
Although differences in DNA methylation have been associated with both syndromic and idiopathic autism, differential methylation has not been examined previously with respect to sex differences. The goals of this study were to (1) identify differences in the DNA methylation profiles of lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from a subgroup of severely…
Descriptors: Genetics, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Correlation
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Sofieke T. Kevenaar; Elsje van Bergen; Albertine J. Oldehinkel; Dorret I. Boomsma; Conor V. Dolan – npj Science of Learning, 2023
The non-cognitive skills self-control and grit are often considered predictors of school performance, but whether this relationship is causal remains unclear. We investigated the causality of this association using a twin design. Specifically, we evaluated the direct impact of self-control and grit on school performance, while controlling for…
Descriptors: Correlation, Academic Achievement, Genetics, Personality Traits
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Antwi, Godfred O.; Lohrmann, David K.; Jayawardene, Wasantha – Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, 2021
Although few studies have established significant associations between cancer risk perception and smoking status, the evidence remains inconclusive. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the association between risk perception for developing cancer and smoking status, controlling for sociodemographic factors. Data from the National Cancer…
Descriptors: Correlation, Risk, Cancer, Smoking
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Siu, Michelle T.; Goodman, Sarah J.; Yellan, Isaac; Butcher, Darci T.; Jangjoo, Maryam; Grafodatskaya, Daria; Rajendram, Rageen; Lou, Youliang; Zhang, Rujun; Zhao, Chunhua; Nicolson, Rob; Georgiades, Stelios; Szatmari, Peter; Scherer, Stephen W.; Roberts, Wendy; Anagnostou, Evdokia; Weksberg, Rosanna – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2021
Many neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) share common learning and behavioural impairments, as well as features such as dysregulation of the oxytocin hormone. Here, we examined DNA methylation (DNAm) in the 1st intron of the oxytocin receptor gene, "OXTR," in patients with autism spectrum (ASD), attention deficit and hyperactivity (ADHD)…
Descriptors: Genetics, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Biochemistry
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Myers, Lynnea; van't Westeinde, Annelies; Kuja-Halkola, Ralf; Tammimies, Kristiina; Bölte, Sven – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2018
The second to fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio is of interest in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studies on the relationship of this ratio with other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are lacking. Investigating the association between the ratio and NDDs in twins can provide insight into genetic and/or environmental factors driving the ratio. Hand…
Descriptors: Twins, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Correlation
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Baker, Jessica H.; Higgins Neyland, M. K.; Thornton, Laura M.; Runfola, Cristin D.; Larsson, Henrik; Lichtenstein, Paul; Bulik, Cynthia – Developmental Psychology, 2019
Body dissatisfaction is a significant mental health symptom present in adolescent girls and boys. However, it is often either disregarded in adolescent boys or examined using assessments that may not resonate with males. The present study addresses these issues, examining the manifestation, etiology, and correlates of 3 facets of body…
Descriptors: Males, Human Body, Self Concept, Muscular Strength
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Sabatino DiCriscio, Antoinette; Troiani, Vanessa – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2017
Atypical visual perceptual skills are thought to underlie unusual visual attention in autism spectrum disorders. We assessed whether individual differences in visual processing skills scaled with quantitative traits associated with the broader autism phenotype (BAP). Visual perception was assessed using the Figure-ground subtest of the Test of…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Genetics, Visual Perception
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Pearson, Tanya; Chaisty, Frances; Stenfert Kroese, Biza – International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2019
Background: Previous research has largely focused on evaluating the impact of teaching practical parenting skills to parents with intellectual disabilities. Teaching them about the importance and nature of early attachment behaviors has not yet been explored. This study investigates whether knowledge of early attachment behavior of young adults…
Descriptors: Parent Child Relationship, Attachment Behavior, Nonprint Media, Parenting Skills
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Huang, William C. W.; Lin, Yi-MeiJoy; Chiu, Ching Che J.; Chiu, Chia-Huei; Chang, Fu-Sheng – Higher Education Studies, 2017
Purpose: This study was to investigate whether there is an age dependent effect on the association between ADIPPOR1 SNP and hypertriglyceridemia for each gender. Materials and Methods: 116 individuals aged 20 and above who claimed to be healthy were enrolled and grouped into male and female populations. Blood samples were taken to determine…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Age Differences, Genetics, Correlation
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Aurah, Catherine – Journal of Education and Practice, 2017
The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between science self-efficacy, gender, and academic achievement in genetics among form four (12th grade) students in Kenya and to investiPSTe gender differences in science self-efficacy and academic achievement in genetics. A total of 2,139 students responded to a science self-efficacy…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, High School Students, Self Efficacy, Grade 12
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Øien, Roald A.; Hart, Logan; Schjølberg, Synnve; Wall, Carla A.; Kim, Elizabeth S.; Nordahl-Hansen, Anders; Eisemann, Martin R.; Chawarska, Katarzyna; Volkmar, Fred R.; Shic, Frederick – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2017
Sex differences in typical development can provide context for understanding ASD. Baron-Cohen ("Trends Cogn Sci" 6(6):248-254, 2002) suggested ASD could be considered an extreme expression of normal male, compared to female, phenotypic profiles. In this paper, sex-specific M-CHAT scores from N = 53,728 18-month-old toddlers, including n…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Parent Attitudes, Toddlers, Genetics
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Klusek, Jessica; Losh, Molly; Martin, Gary E. – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2014
While there is a strong sex bias in the presentation of autism, it is unknown whether this bias is also present in subclinical manifestations of autism among relatives, or the broad autism phenotype. This study examined this question and investigated patterns of co-occurrence of broad autism phenotype traits within families of individuals with…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Genetic Disorders, Genetics, Pragmatics
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Pitts, C. Holley; Mervis, Carolyn B. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2016
We describe the performance of 292 4- to 17-year-olds with Williams syndrome (WS) on the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2 (KBIT-2; Kaufman & Kaufman, 2004). Mean IQ Composite, Verbal standard score (SS), and Nonverbal SS were in the borderline range relative to the general population, with variability similar to the general population.…
Descriptors: Intelligence Tests, Genetic Disorders, Intelligence Quotient, Children
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