Background: Although many studies have suggested that students' externalizing (aggressive and rule-breaking) behaviour is detrimental to their academic achievement, the underlying mechanisms have rarely been investigated. Aims: We conducted a longitudinal investigation of whether the negative relation between externalizing behaviour and academic…

Background: Many studies document associations between low health literacy (HL) and poor health behaviors and outcomes. Yet, HL is understudied among adolescents, particularly from underserved, rural communities. We targeted rural adolescents in this cross-sectional study and explored relationships between HL and (1) energy-balance-related health…

This research proposed and tested a causal model of time-on-task as a mediating variable in the anxiety/achievement association. The study was conducted in 4 seventh-grade Chicago inner-city classrooms in 2 all-black elementary schools. A negative relationship was found between anxiety and time-on-task; a positive relationship between time-on-task…