The advent of online learning in contemporary educational landscapes has established online examinations as key evaluative instruments. Despite their growing use, there remains a lack of scholarly inquiry into online examinations, academic integrity, and preventative measures against dishonesty. This research aims to explore the perceptions of 153…

The authors of this article examine the effect of online proctoring on exam scores with samples of proctored and unproctored students in an upper-level economics class. They document a proctoring discount (i.e., the tendency for lower scores on proctored exams versus on unproctored exams) and a relationship with students' perceptions measured by…