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The Differences across Distributed Leadership Practices by School Position According to the Comprehensive Assessment of Leadership for Learning (CALL)

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Blitz, Mark H.; Modeste, Marsha – Leadership and Policy in Schools, 2015

The Comprehensive Assessment of Leadership for Learning (CALL) is a multi-source assessment of distributed instructional leadership. As part of the validation of CALL, researchers examined differences between teacher and leader ratings in assessing distributed leadership practices. The authors utilized a t-test for equality of means for the…

Descriptors: Participative Decision Making, Transformational Leadership, Educational Practices, Instructional Leadership

Examining the Relationship between Differential Item Functioning and Differential Test Functioning

Peer reviewed

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Pae, Tae-Il; Park, Gi-Pyo – Language Testing, 2006

The present study utilized both the IRT-LR (item response theory likelihood ratio) and a series of CFA (confirmatory factor analysis) multi-sample analyses to systematically examine the relationships between DIF (differential item functioning) and DTF (differential test functioning) with a random sample of 15 000 Korean examinees. Specifically,…

Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Factor Analysis, Test Bias, Test Validity