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Direct linkField, Matt; Munafo, Marcus R.; Franken, Ingmar H. A. – Psychological Bulletin, 2009
Theoretical models of addiction suggest that attentional bias for substance-related cues should be associated with self-reported craving. The authors evaluated the strength of the association by performing a meta-analysis on 68 independent data sets from which correlation coefficients between subjective craving and attentional bias indices were…
Descriptors: Cues, Substance Abuse, Models, Eye Movements
Johnson, Matthew W.; Bickel, Warren K. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2006
Relative reinforcing efficacy refers to the behavior-strengthening or maintaining property of a reinforcer when compared to that of another reinforcer. Traditional measures of relative reinforcing efficacy sometimes have led to discordant results across and within studies. By contrast, previous investigations have found traditional measures to be…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Behavior, Consumer Economics, Experiments
