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Guanglei Hong; Fan Yang; Xu Qin – Grantee Submission, 2023
In causal mediation studies that decompose an average treatment effect into indirect and direct effects, examples of post-treatment confounding are abundant. In the presence of treatment-by-mediator interactions, past research has generally considered it infeasible to adjust for a post-treatment confounder of the mediator-outcome relationship due…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Mediation Theory, Research Problems, Statistical Inference
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Høigaard, Rune; Kovac, Velibor Bobo; Øverby, Nina Cecilie; Haugen, Tommy – School Psychology Quarterly, 2015
This study investigated the effects of proximal and distal constructs on adolescent's academic achievement through self-efficacy. Participants included 482 ninth-and tenth-grade Norwegian students who completed a questionnaire designed to assess school-goal orientations, organizational citizenship behavior, academic self-efficacy, and academic…
Descriptors: Self Efficacy, School Psychology, Academic Achievement, Questionnaires