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Showing 1 to 15 of 63 results Save | Export
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Deirdre M. McCarthy; Thomas J. Spencer; Pradeep G. Bhide – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2024
Objective: We offer an overview of ADHD research using mouse models of nicotine exposure. Method: Nicotine exposure of C57BL/6 or Swiss Webster mice occurred during prenatal period only or during the prenatal and the preweaning periods. Behavioral, neuroanatomical and neurotransmitter assays were used to investigate neurobiological mechanisms of…
Descriptors: Models, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Smoking, Animals
Byung-Doh Oh – ProQuest LLC, 2024
Decades of psycholinguistics research have shown that human sentence processing is highly incremental and predictive. This has provided evidence for expectation-based theories of sentence processing, which posit that the processing difficulty of linguistic material is modulated by its probability in context. However, these theories do not make…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, Artificial Intelligence, Computer Software
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van de Ven, Inge – Journal of Creative Behavior, 2019
This article reflects on transformations of modes of reading in an information age, asking what "creative reading" entails in information-intensive, multimodal environments. We currently face the challenge of the development of reading strategies that oscillate between "close" and "distant" reading. For years, these…
Descriptors: Creativity, Reading Strategies, Information Technology, Humanities
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Conway, Andrew R. A.; Kovacs, Kristof; Hao, Han; Rosales, Kevin P.; Snijder, Jean-Paul – Journal of Intelligence, 2021
Process overlap theory (POT) is a new theoretical framework designed to account for the general factor of intelligence ("g"). According to POT, g does not reflect a general cognitive ability. Instead, "g" is the result of multiple domain-general executive attention processes and multiple domain-specific processes that are…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Attention, Intelligence, Executive Function
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Faught, Gayle G.; Conners, Frances A. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2019
Sustained attention (SA) and short-term memory (STM) contribute to language function in Down syndrome (DS). We proposed models in which relations of SA to language in DS are mediated by STM. Thirty-seven youth with DS aged 10-22 years (M = 15.59) completed SA, STM, and language tasks. Cross-sectional mediation analyses were run with the…
Descriptors: Models, Correlation, Attention, Short Term Memory
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Hedge, Craig; Powell, Georgina; Bompas, Aline; Sumner, Petroc – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Response control or inhibition is one of the cornerstones of modern cognitive psychology, featuring prominently in theories of executive functioning and impulsive behavior. However, repeated failures to observe correlations between commonly applied tasks have led some theorists to question whether common response conflict processes even exist. A…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Processes, Meta Analysis
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Lancaster, Hope Sparks; Li, Jing; Gray, Shelley – Journal of Research in Reading, 2021
Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between selective visual attention (SVA), reading decoding, listening comprehension and reading comprehension in children with and without a reading disorder. Methods: We used longitudinal data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We split children into four…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Attention, Reading Skills, Decoding (Reading)
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Odic, Darko – Developmental Science, 2018
Young children can quickly and intuitively represent the number of objects in a visual scene through the Approximate Number System (ANS). The precision of the ANS--indexed as the most difficult ratio of two numbers that children can reliably discriminate--is well known to improve with development: whereas infants require relatively large ratios to…
Descriptors: Correlation, Mathematics, Number Concepts, Comparative Analysis
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Waddington, Hannah; van der Meer, Larah; Sigafoos, Jeff; Whitehouse, Andrew – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2020
Contemporary parent-implemented early intervention programs for children with autism spectrum disorder usually incorporate a range of techniques with different theoretical underpinnings. While research suggests that parents often learn to implement interventions with an acceptable degree of overall fidelity, there is limited research into parent…
Descriptors: Parenting Styles, Intervention, Training, Autism
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Cheng, Xue Jun; McCarthy, Callum J.; Wang, Tony S. L.; Palmeri, Thomas J.; Little, Daniel R. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Upright faces are thought to be processed more holistically than inverted faces. In the widely used composite face paradigm, holistic processing is inferred from interference in recognition performance from a to-be-ignored face half for upright and aligned faces compared with inverted or misaligned faces. We sought to characterize the nature of…
Descriptors: Holistic Approach, Models, Comparative Analysis, Correlation
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Simpson-Kent, Ivan L.; Fried, Eiko I.; Akarca, Danyal; Mareva, Silvana; Bullmore, Edward T.; Kievit, Rogier A. – Journal of Intelligence, 2021
Network analytic methods that are ubiquitous in other areas, such as systems neuroscience, have recently been used to test network theories in psychology, including intelligence research. The network or mutualism theory of intelligence proposes that the statistical associations among cognitive abilities (e.g., specific abilities such as vocabulary…
Descriptors: Network Analysis, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Intelligence, Schemata (Cognition)
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Foroughi, Cyrus K.; Werner, Nicole E.; McKendrick, Ryan; Cades, David M.; Boehm-Davis, Deborah A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Previous research has shown that there is a time cost (i.e., a resumption lag) associated with resuming a task following an interruption and that the longer the duration of the interruption, the greater the time cost (i.e., resumption lag increases as interruption duration increases). The memory-for-goals model (Altmann & Trafton, 2002)…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Short Term Memory, Task Analysis, Attention Control
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Larsson, Henrik; Sariaslan, Amir; Långström, Niklas; D'Onofrio, Brian; Lichtenstein, Paul – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2014
Background: Studies have found negative associations between socioeconomic position and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but it remains unclear if this association is causal. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the association between family income in early childhood and subsequent ADHD depends on measured…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Socioeconomic Status, Correlation, Family Income
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Gibbins, Christopher; Toplak, Maggie E.; Flora, David B.; Weiss, Margaret D.; Tannock, Rosemary – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2012
Objective: To examine factor structures of "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (4th ed.) symptoms of ADHD in adults. Method: Two sets of models were tested: (a) models with inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity as separate but correlated latent constructs and (b) hierarchical general factor models with a general factor for…
Descriptors: Evidence, Mental Disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Conceptual Tempo
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Sharp, John G.; Hemmings, Brian; Kay, Russell; Murphy, Barbara; Elliott, Sam – Journal of Further and Higher Education, 2017
Academic boredom usually contributes adversely towards student engagement and performance across a diverse range of settings including universities. The formal study of academic boredom in higher education remains, however, a relatively underdeveloped field and one surprisingly neglected in the UK. Rooted in Control-Value Theory, details of a…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, College Seniors, Student Attitudes, Learner Engagement
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