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Aneta Przepiorka; Agata Blachnio; Pawel Kot; Andrzej Cudo – Journal of Early Adolescence, 2025
The cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationships between motives for smartphone use, family satisfaction, loneliness, grade point average (GPA), and problematic smartphone use (PSU). It included 519 elementary school students aged 12-16 years (M = 13.87, SD = 1.01). The authors used the Smartphone Addiction Scale, the Smartphone Usage…
Descriptors: Motivation Techniques, Role Theory, Handheld Devices, Telecommunications
Johnson, Matthew W.; Bickel, Warren K. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2006
Relative reinforcing efficacy refers to the behavior-strengthening or maintaining property of a reinforcer when compared to that of another reinforcer. Traditional measures of relative reinforcing efficacy sometimes have led to discordant results across and within studies. By contrast, previous investigations have found traditional measures to be…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Behavior, Consumer Economics, Experiments