It is generally understood that both clear teacher instruction and orderly classroom climates support student achievement in mathematics. However, to what extent does instructional clarity "compensate" for classroom disorder? In this exploratory study, we analyse data from 8,864 Year 8 students sampled by TIMSS 2019 to investigate the…

Science classroom learning environment (CLE) and science teacher professional development (PD) are two important factors in students' science learning. However, the nature of the science CLE and school-level PD that promotes students' science achievement remains unclear. Using the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 data, this…

The relationship between inquiry-based learning and science self-efficacy was analysed using data from 57 countries and economics participating in the 2015 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). This analysis generated a mediating--moderating model, which involved the mediating role of science interest and the moderating role of…

The researcher conducted a quasi-experimental quantitative study to determine whether there was a significant difference in reading achievement between students who looped and students who did not loop. Looping is when a group of students stay with the same teacher and classmates for two or more consecutive years. The students in this study were…

This open access book presents original research on effective and equitable teacher practice in mathematics and science education across Nordic countries. It focuses on three key aspects of teacher practice: what teachers teach, how teachers teach, and how teachers assess their students. To provide a comprehensive understanding of teacher…

With this article I explore the relationship between core academic language skills (CALS) -- a construct representing a set of high-utility language skills needed to manage the linguistic features prevalent in academic texts across content areas -- and schooling outcomes. There has long been an understanding that there is a distinction between…

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a new instructional toolkit for improving English grammar skills, particularly verb tense structures, among Thai EFL students. The research objectives were (1) to evaluate the toolkit's effectiveness in enhancing students' English grammar skills in verb tense structures; (2) to examine the…

Background: Research has shown that achievement goals and reading instruction play important roles in students' reading performance. However, little is known about the specific effects of different types of achievement goals and reading instructional practices on reading performance in mainland China. Methods: This study used Programme of…

There is concern over international students' low academic achievement at the college level. Due to language challenges and cultural differences, international students' academic achievement is not satisfactory that resulting in a decrease in the retention rate. Note-taking strategies such as the concept-mapping method may enhance international…

The student population throughout the United States has shifted; thus, it is essential to consider ways to address the needs of culturally, linguistically diverse (CLD) students. Prior research found that culturally relevant teaching (CRT) improves academic performance. However, little quantitative research examines the relationship between CRT…

Based on PISA 2018 result, the science achievement of Indonesian students was below average. Some factors influence students' achievement in learning science, such as motivation, emotion regulation, self-efficacy, and school system. This study investigates students' self-efficacy in learning science in different school systems. The present…

The aim of this study is examining the relationship between student achievement and bringing interesting materials to the classroom in 4th grade mathematics in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Turkey, and Singapore. This study used TIMSS 2015 data to investigate the relationship between student achievement and bringing interesting materials to the classroom…

Information and communication technology (ICT) is key to educational development. This study explores the mechanism influencing the use of ICT on students' science literacy. We utilized two-level hierarchical linear models and structural equation models to analyze data collected from the 2015 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) in…

This article reports on research conducted to investigate student confidence in reading by collecting data from 135 primary schools in rural China. In the survey, we adopted the PIRLS scales of confidence in reading and reading skills test items. Our analysis shows that compared to the other countries and regions, rural China ranks last with…

This correlative study examined the role of teacher qualities and working conditions in 4th- and 8th-grade Turkish students' mathematics achievement in TIMSS 2019. Teacher qualifications were defined based on the teacher questionnaire used in TIMSS 2019 and were discussed in three categories: personal characteristics, teacher qualifications, and…