We compared the influence of open-book extended duration versus closed book time-limited format on reliability and validity of written assessments of pharmacology learning outcomes within our medical and dental courses. Our dental cohort undertake a mid-year test (30xfree-response short answer to a question, SAQ) and end-of-year paper (4xSAQ,…

This study examined whether the five scales of the MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation Inventory produced valid scores when used in university English language courses across four different countries. We surveyed 1,147 students in English language courses in Iran, Mexico, China, and Egypt and analyzed their responses by performing measurement…

Researchers continue to extend the community of inquiry (COI) framework, highlighting its utility in online and blended learning environments for providing a successful learning experience. Recent studies have added the learning presence dimension to the classic COI framework which contains teaching, social, and cognitive presences, to represent…

To investigate individuals' implicit beliefs--underlying assumptions about the self and the world--the present study validated the Korean version of the implicit theory of work scale for undergraduates, exploring its role in career-related behaviors and affect. The study used two different samples of 560 and 340 undergraduates who participated in…

Flow is a state of optimal or peak experience, commonly associated with expert and creative performance. Musicians often experience flow during playing, yet the neural mechanisms underlying this elusive state have remained underexplored due to challenges posed by substantial artefacts in the neural data. Here, we bypassed these issues by focusing…

The present study aimed to empirically examine the validity of grit among language learners and its relation to vocabulary knowledge. Grit is defined as a trait that is characterised by a tendency to be passionate about and persevere towards the achievement of long-term goals. A newly developed questionnaire, L2-Grit Scale, which assesses…

Objective: We employed latent profile analysis (LPA) to discern configurations of executive functioning (EF) and neuroticism (NE) and tested their concurrent validity with respect to internalizing and externalizing problems and physical health. Participants: A total of 125 college students completed the study. Methods: Participants self-reported…

The development of student metacognition has the potential to provide some of the greatest learning gains in science education, even outstripping the contribution of general intelligence. While models for metacognition are in broad agreement about their nature, they vary widely in essential elements and the relationships between them, especially…

People view many attributes, including intelligence, through implicit theories (or mindsets). Entity mindsets position the attribute as unchangeable or static, whereas incremental mindsets see the attribute as malleable or capable of being changed/improved (Dweck & Leggett, 1988). The present studies examined a new questionnaire designed to…

The study revisited the community of inquiry (CoI) instrument for construct revalidation. To that end, the study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine four competing models (unidimensional, correlated-factor, second-order factor, and bifactor models) on model fit statistics computed using parameter estimates from a statistical…

The present research examined the perceived teachers' charismatic leadership and entrepreneurial intentions of college students. Based on the theory of emotional contagion, this study proposes a mediating model of entrepreneurial passion between college students' perception of teachers' charismatic leadership and entrepreneurial intentions. A…

This study sought to explore whether access to definitions and general representations influences the construction of general direct arguments. Data was collected in college mathematics courses for prospective elementary school teachers. Participant arguments were analyzed along two variables: the generality of the representations and the…

Within the field of music education, previous literature has examined numerous features of relationships between students and teachers, but survey instruments measuring these relationships from the student perspective are lacking. Accordingly, two studies were conducted to develop and evaluate a new survey instrument measuring students'…

Testing English writing skills could be multi-dimensional; thus, the study aimed to compare students' writing scores calculated according to Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Multi-Facet Rasch Model (MFRM). The research was carried out in 2019 with 100 university students studying at a foreign language preparatory class and four experienced…

This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure individuals' and organizations' attitudes toward the use of ChatGPT, emphasizing the necessity for organizations to adapt to rapidly evolving information and technology environments. The methodology consisted of three stages. In the first stage, a 13-item draft scale was…