Objective: To identify the association between loneliness and eating disorder symptomatology among a national sample of U.S. college students during COVID-19. Participants: Cross-sectional data from the 2020-2021 Healthy Minds Study (N = 96,645) were analyzed. Methods: Loneliness was measured using the UCLA 3-item Loneliness Scale and eating disorder symptomology was measured using the SCOFF questionnaire. Multiple modified Poisson regression analyses were conducted, adjusting for confounding variables. Results: Greater loneliness was associated with both a positive eating disorder screen (risk ratio [RR] 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.10) and greater number of eating disorder symptoms (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.06-1.08). Gender modified this relationship, and men who endorsed greater loneliness had higher risk of eating disorder symptomatology compared to women. Conclusions: Loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a greater risk of eating disorder symptomatology among college students. Findings underscore the need for social support and eating disorders programming on college campuses.