Given the conditions of choice, time, and distance, trainees' interview responses (N=54) reflected neither the influence of their philosophy of human nature nor the effects of client type. These findings are contrary to expectations. (Author)

This paper reviews the concept of the involuntary client, defines the term, and attempts to identify just who is the involuntary client. Different forms or manifestations of reluctance are discussed as are some ways one might deal with involuntarism. (Author)

This study ascertained whether significant differences in levels of the counselor offered necessary and sufficient conditions of client-centered counseling can occur when the one-to-one relationship is ethnically different compared with the counseling relationship which counselor and client are of the same ethnic identify. Race was not an…

Physiological and self-reported reactions of counselors in training to five disabled clients and a minority client were examined. Implications for counselor practice, education, and in-service education are discussed. (Author)

This article presents an approach to the evaluation of the procedural techniques and/or the counseling process occurring between the counselor and client in the one-to-one interview situation. (Author)

The "set-up" exercise is a structured experience enabling counselors and other helping professionals to examine in detail one aspect of the counseling process, "response-ability." Counselors must clearly define their role in a helping interaction and identify how they and the client may sabotage growth to achieve desired results. (Author)

This investigation explored the relationship between helping and training as experimental main effects. Subjects (N=53) were randomly assigned to four experimental groups. The results for the experimental main effects are discussed in relationship to self-concept change, helper-communication functioning, and helper-discrimination functioning.…

A study was designed to compare the verbal responses of trained and untrained helpers confronted with the same crisis situation. The subjects were 24 trained graduate helpers, 24 untrained graduate helpers, and 24 untrained undergraduate helpers. Each subject was paired with an actor in one of the following conditions: male actor with male…

This article discusses the use of a "group helper" to minimize anxiety about audio-taping and role-playing experiences for counselor trainees. Results of this training technique are presented. (Author/HLM)

Counseling interviews (N=19) were rated on the Counselor Rating Form in terms of perceived counselor expertness, attractiveness, and trustworthiness. Results indicated all three sources of perceptions were similar, although counselors rated their own behavior as significantly less expert than their clients. (Author)

This study investigated the influence of differences in ambiguity tolerance and the effects of exposure to a videotape model on the interview behavior of counselor trainees. The potential of creating a variety of learning strategies, such as video modeling, to override the detrimental effects of certain personality characteristics is discussed.…

This article discusses the development of audiotaped client statements for use in the selection and training of counselors. If an audiotape of client statements is to be used as a measure of counselor effectiveness, it must receive the same scrutiny that other instruments receive regarding validity, reliability, and item analysis. (Author)

An analysis of the counseling process and the various clients a counselor might serve has yielded a structural model for identifying the knowledge and skills required of the counselor. The model specifies skill domain, targets of skill, and attained skill level. (Author)

Skills training, personal-emotional development, and cognitive development are areas of importance in counselor training and education. Emotion, defined as the counselor's experiencing a strong feeling accompanied by physiological activity and the interruption, however momentary, of the counselor's ongoing cognition, is a critical factor in…