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Philips, S. E. – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 1996
Precedents from litigation on state graduation assessments provide insight into the potential legal arguments challengers may raise with regard to mandated content and performance standards for all students. Clearly documented, fairly administered procedures that adhere to professional recommendations will be the hallmark of defensible standards.…
Descriptors: Accountability, Court Litigation, Educational Assessment, Educational Policy

Lott, Winsor – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 1983
The Florida Court decision reaffirms a state's right to impose a diploma sanction when competency tests are valid. Testing specialists now have a precedent for demonstrating curricular and instructional validity. Competency testing programs are a useful method for implementing instructional improvements. (DWH)
Descriptors: Court Litigation, Educational Change, Equal Education, Graduation Requirements

Anrig, Gregory R. – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 1987
The Golden Rule settlement's application in Illinois has not improved passing rates for Blacks on licensing tests relative to Whites. The Educational Testing Service (ETS) will apply the Golden Rule procedure in Illinois as long as the settlement remains in effect, but opposes it as precedent for other legislation. (SLD)
Descriptors: Black Students, Court Litigation, Licensing Examinations (Professions), Policy Formation

Faggen, Jane – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 1987
This article provides an overview of the "Golden Rule" issue, including a summary of legislative and judicial activity aimed at extending the "Golden Rule" idea, the opposition of professional associations to such proposals, and activity at the Educational Testing Service to take differential item functioning into account in…
Descriptors: Court Litigation, Insurance Companies, Licensing Examinations (Professions), Minority Groups

Kuehn, Phyllis A.; And Others – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 1990
Implications of court interpretations of job analysis as a basis for testing are assessed for teacher certification tests. Cases reviewed address the 1978 "Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures," the fourteenth amendment, Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, and content validity issues. (TJH)
Descriptors: Civil Rights Legislation, Constitutional Law, Content Validity, Court Litigation

Rooney, J. Patrick – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 1987
This article rebuts comments by G. R. Anrig (1987) on the Settlement Agreement that resolved the racial discrimination suit brought by the Golden Rule Insurance Company against the Educational Testing Service (ETS) and the Illinois Department of Insurance. (TJH)
Descriptors: Civil Rights Legislation, Court Litigation, Educational Discrimination, Equal Protection

Citron, Christiane Hyde – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 1982
Five legal principles (and cases establishing them) on the use of competency testing in student placement or for graduation are discussed. The principles address the constitutionality of appropriate use, adequate notice to students, prohibition of effects of past racial discrimination, graduation test validity, and requirements for handicapped…
Descriptors: Competency Based Education, Constitutional Law, Court Litigation, Educational Legislation

Pyburn, Keith M., Jr. – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 1990
Discrepancies between court and professional association views of licensing examinations are discussed. Litigation associated with Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and constitutional law is considered. Courts should examine professional standards and apply those that are consistent with the court's determination of the proper…
Descriptors: Civil Rights Legislation, Constitutional Law, Court Litigation, Court Role