Since the Supreme Court's 2007 "Parents Involved" decision, school districts have been pursuing integration in more legally and politically charged environments. The retreat of the federal government in the racial integration of schools is well documented, but less understood is what local school districts are doing to fill that void.…

In 1956, southern Congressmen signed the Southern Manifesto, rejecting the Supreme Court's "Brown v. Board of Education" ruling. This moment, in the general American consciousness, marked the rise of White massive resistance to Black advancement, a racist foray doomed to be swept aside by civil rights forces and a determined federal…

"Residential segregation's causes are both knowable and known," writes Richard Rothstein. According to Rothstein, those causes are "20th century federal, state, and local policies explicitly designed to separate the races." Even seasoned policymakers are convinced that the residential isolation of low-income black children is…

Background: In 1954, the "Brown v. Board of Education" case involved four states and their school segregation laws and policies. During that period, de jure and de facto segregation were a way of life in America. Sixty years later, as most schools across the country have resegregated, the authors ask the question of whether we should be…

IN A REPORT PUBLISHED IN 1962, IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT TOTAL SCHOOL DESEGREGATION IN NORTH CAROLINA WAS NOT LIKELY IN THE FORSEEABLE FUTURE UNLESS FORCED BY COURT DECREES. THE BASIS FOR THE PREDICTION WAS THE HISTORY OF APPLICATION OF TWO ACTS--THE PUPIL ASSIGNMENT ACT, WHICH TRANSFERRED AUTHORITY OF PUPIL ASSIGNMENT TO LOCAL SCHOOL BOARDS, AND THE…

A review on both a state-by-state basis and on the national level of developments pertaining to school integration, including integration litigation, Office of Civil Rights, H.E.W., policy and actions, student rights, public school enrollment trends, affirmative action by universities in their employment practices, and others. (JM)

A 1966 report of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights deals with the status of school desegregation standards under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The document reviews the judicial context of the rate and method of desegregation and describes the statement of policies issued by the U.S. Office of Education (OE). Also included are…

In the case of Sheff v. O'Neill the Connecticut Supreme Court ruled that the Hartford school system and its suburbs were unconstitutionally segregated. This article provides background, the significant findings, the court's rationale, and dissenting opinions, along with a discussion of the state's probable responses. (SLD)

THE SOCIAL SCIENTISTS, EDUCATORS, AND EDUCATIONAL POLICY MAKERS WHO PARTICIPATED IN THIS SYMPOSIUM DISCUSSED SCHOOL SEGREGATION ISSUES, PARTICULARLY THOSE IN THE NORTH AND WEST, TO PROVIDE SOME SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS OF INTEGRATION. THE FOLLOWING WERE AMONG THE PAPERS PRESENTED--(1) KENNETH CLARK "EFFECT OF SEGREGATION AND INTEGRATION ON…

The contents of this case study, on the perpetuation of segregation in the American city and a participant's narrative of Los Angeles' 10-year debate and struggle, 70-day trial and court order which was promptly bottled up by appeal, are organized in 13 parts as follows: (1) "The Segregating of the Los Angeles Schools"; (2)…

This booklet is comprised of the following: (i) School desegregation law: recent developments (by J. Harold Flannery), dealing with several threshold questions such as: What is illegal school segregation? What must be done about it and by whom? What will be the role of the courts after desegregation? (ii) School desegregation--the past five years,…

Although the Federal courts have displayed a notable concern for the potential effects of resegregation in their adjudication of disputes involving public aid to private schools, they have generally rejected the idea that the threat of resegregation should be taken seriously in drawing up desegregation plans for public school districts. The…

A WIDE RANGE OF ISSUES INVOLVED IN DE FACTO SCHOOL SEGREGATION ARE DISCUSSED IN THIS MONOGRAPH. A SECTION ON THE BACKGROUND AND NATURE OF THE PROBLEM DEALS WITH THE HISTORY OF SEGREGATION LAWS, RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS, RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION, AND THE MANIPULATION OF PUPIL TRANSFERS AS AVOIDANCE MANEUVERS. ANOTHER SECTION DISCUSSES THE…