The creative development of Maria, Elizabeth, Charlotte, Patrick Branwell, Emily Jane, and Anne Bronte in England during the early 1800s is analyzed, with attention to the role of the parents, collaborative siblings, and the natural environment in supporting their talent. The education of the Brontes and the "little books" they wrote as…

Finger painting is often regarded as the epitome of free expression for children. However, a careful review of the history of Ruth Shaw's finger-painting system reveals that it was dominated by specific techniques and stylistic conventions taught without a critical understanding of art history or appreciation. (IS)

Contradictions in the literature abound concerning Franz Cizek's role in fostering creative art. Researchers should turn to student recollections to determine what Franz Cizek's contribution to art education really was. A former Cizek student who today is prominent in design work is interviewed. (RM)