Authorship of a scientific paper is important in recognition of one's work, and in the academic setting, helps in professional promotion. Conflicting views of authorship have led to disputes and debates in many scientific communities. Addressing ethical issues in medical research and publishing, and conforming to the requirements of international…

Medical researchers are ethically and legally required to inform participants and get written permission before enrolling them into a human research project ("Informed Consent"). Accordingly, information and consent represent a complex procedure, and the participant concerned "must receive comprehensible oral and written…

Modern societies, new technical equipment and technology confirm the importance of knowledge acquisition in everyday life, especially in economy. An education system is a non-profit system. Since it strongly affects economic efficiency, its quantification becomes a very complex process. In order to make the quantification process possible, this…

The excess of curriculum content is a well-known problem in high school biology. Some strategies to adjust the amount of content to the available classroom time have been proposed, but none has been widely accepted and applied. Furthermore, biology is frequently presented in high school not as an integrated science, but as a collection of…

The Society for the Teaching of Psychology (STP, Division 2 of the American Psychological Association) established its Excellence in Teaching Awards program in 1979. This article explores the history of STP's teaching awards program: the establishment of the first four awards categories, the Committee on Teaching Awards, the awards' endowment…

A set of criteria defining bullying behaviour (an intention to harm, repetition, and power imbalance) has been applied to enable generalisation of research findings. However, few studies have examined whether this fits with the experiences and understandings of young people. This qualitative study investigated 20 youth's (14-17 years old)…

Background: Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a condition which affects an individual's ability to use and understand language. Terminological confusion, and the use of non-evidence-based diagnostic criteria has impacted access to services for this population for several decades. Changes in terminology and diagnosis were proposed as part of…

Distance education during emergencies requires planning, design, and goal setting to create an effective learning environment. Virtual distance education involves more than just uploading educational content; it is rather an educational process that provides choice for learners, as well as flexibility and responsibility for learning and academic…

This study attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of criteria for making a significant contribution to the body of knowledge. Authors propose a unique perspective of viewing such contributions as a combination of art and science, focusing on specific criteria such as rigor and relevance, novelty and originality, unity and form. While…

Michael E. Raynor limits his commentary to Flavin's discussion of Wikipedia. Flavin argues that Wikipedia is a disruptive innovation, and has disrupted the hard-copy encyclopedia. Flavin sees Wikipedia in optimistic terms, as democratising education and 'reframing the means by which knowledge is produced, distributed and consumed.' He implies that…

This paper addresses a call for teachers to promote students' knowledge of criteria and standards within curriculum domains for self-monitoring and improvement purposes. We present the case for students to develop, as part of their learning in content areas, the evaluative knowledge and expertise of the type that teachers bring to the classroom.…

We read with considerable interest the study by Gusenbauer and Haddaway (Gusenbauer and Haddaway, 2020, Research Synthesis Methods, doi:10.1002/jrsm.1378) comparing the systematic search qualities of 28 search systems, including Google Scholar (GS) and PubMed. Google Scholar and PubMed are the two most popular free academic search tools in biology…

The historical turn in social science has prompted scholars to engage with the work of historians on a large scale. Here, social scientists face two standard problems of selection bias: confirmation bias and convenience sampling. So far, the record of dealing with these problems has been poor, and little has been done to specify how social…

After a review of AIR's policy review of fall 2017 Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) plan submissions, and then a scan of the most current ESSA plans for each state, this table serves as a reference with most up-to-date information on each state's exit criteria for those schools requiring support. While CSI exit criteria is provided for all…

Smoothing is designed to yield smoother equating results that can reduce random equating error without introducing very much systematic error. The main objective of this study is to propose a new statistic and to compare its performance to the performance of the Akaike information criterion and likelihood ratio chi-square difference statistics in…