Despite revolutions, ongoing student protests, and long-standing transformational efforts, African higher education remains steeped in a colonial model, with current structures, approaches, and purposes paralleling Western universities. The doctorate, the highest level of formal education one can attain, reflects this commitment to Western…

By utilizing foundational texts on critical race theory, scholarships on Muslim Americans, and the Ethnic Identity Scale (EIS), this mixed methods study examines Muslim Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) racial identity development amid America's tense history with Islam and the MENA world. The findings revealed that participants were 53%…

Black students originating from African and Caribbean nations are well represented in the ranks of international students attending U.S. colleges, at over 51,000 annually (Institute of International Education, 2021). In addition to contributing heavily to the overall economic impact of the universities they attend (NAFSA, 2021), Black foreign-born…

The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore whether or not online campus racial climate surveys gather information that will assist institutions of higher education in the United States in identifying the disparate needs of African-American students and Sub-Saharan African students, especially in regard to racial microaggression within…