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Formal Operational Reasoning Modes: Predictors of Critical Thinking Abilities and Grades Assigned by Teachers in Science and Mathematics for Students in Grades Nine through Twelve.

Peer reviewed

Bitner, Betty L. – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 1991

The five formal operational reasoning modes in the Group Assessment of Logical Thinking were found to be statistically significant predictors of critical thinking abilities as measured by the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal and were significant predictors of science and mathematics grades. (PR)

Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Critical Thinking, Educational Research, Formal Operations

Accelerating the Development of Formal Thinking in Middle and High School Students II: Postproject Effects on Science Achievement.

Peer reviewed

Shayer, Michael; Adey, Philip S. – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 1992

A 1-year lag was found between the effect of an intervention intended to promote formal operational thinking in students initially 11 or 12 years of age and the appearance of substantial science achievement in the experimental groups. A one-year lag on cognitive development and an age/gender interaction were also reported. (Author/KR)

Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Style, Critical Thinking