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Meiran, Nachshon; Dimov, Eduard; Ganel, Tzvi – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2013
In the present experiments, the question being addressed was whether switching attention between perceptual dimensions and selective attention to dimensions are processes that compete over a common resource? Attention to perceptual dimensions is usually studied by requiring participants to ignore a never-relevant dimension. Selection failure…
Descriptors: Attention, Perception, Cognitive Ability, Cues
Arita, Jason T.; Carlisle, Nancy B.; Woodman, Geoffrey F. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
Theories of attention are compatible with the idea that we can bias attention to avoid selecting objects that have known nontarget features. Although this may underlie several existing phenomena, the explicit guidance of attention away from known nontargets has yet to be demonstrated. Here we show that observers can use feature cues (i.e., color)…
Descriptors: Attention, Visual Perception, Cues, Bias
Jiang, Yuhong V.; Swallow, Khena M.; Rosenbaum, Gail M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2013
Our visual system is highly sensitive to regularities in the environment. Locations that were important in one's previous experience are often prioritized during search, even though observers may not be aware of the learning. In this study we characterized the guidance of spatial attention by incidental learning of a target's spatial probability,…
Descriptors: Probability, Guidance, Cues, Reaction Time
Thomson, David R.; Milliken, Bruce – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2013
Maljkovic and Nakayama have demonstrated memory influences in singleton search from one trial to the next, an effect they termed "priming of pop-out" (PoP). This effect was described as resulting from the persistence of an implicit memory trace, the influence of which could be observed for around 5-8 subsequent trials. Thomson and…
Descriptors: Priming, Memory, Visual Perception, Context Effect
Kieffaber, Paul D.; Kruschke, John K.; Cho, Raymond Y.; Walker, Philip M.; Hetrick, William P. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2013
The primary aim of the present research was to determine how "stimulus-set" and "response-set" components of task-set contribute to switch costs and conflict processing. Three experiments are described wherein participants completed an explicitly cued task-switching procedure. Experiment 1 established that task switches requiring a reconfiguration…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Conflict, Reaction Time, Stimuli
Kruger, Hannah M.; Hunt, Amelia R. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2013
Responses are slower to targets appearing in recently inspected locations, an effect known as Inhibition of Return (IOR). IOR is typically viewed as the consequence of an involuntary mechanism that prevents reinspection of previously visited locations and thereby biases attention toward novel locations during visual search. For an inhibitory…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Inhibition, Prediction, Role
Frings, Christian; Wentura, Dirk; Wuhr, Peter – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
Research on the topic of distractor inhibition has used different empirical approaches to study how the human mind selects relevant information from the environment, and the results are controversially discussed. One key question that typically arises is how selection deals with the irrelevant information. We used a new selection task, in which…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Attention, Visual Perception, Inhibition
Irons, Jessica L.; Folk, Charles L.; Remington, Roger W. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
Although models of visual search have often assumed that attention can only be set for a single feature or property at a time, recent studies have suggested that it may be possible to maintain more than one attentional control setting. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether spatial attention could be guided by multiple attentional…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Spatial Ability, Color, Priming
Sewell, David K.; Smith, Philip L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
The attention literature distinguishes two general mechanisms by which attention can benefit performance: gain (or resource) models and orienting (or switching) models. In gain models, processing efficiency is a function of a spatial distribution of capacity or resources; in orienting models, an attentional spotlight must be aligned with the…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Attention Control, Experimental Psychology, Visual Stimuli
Weinbach, Noam; Henik, Avishai – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
The current study focuses on the relationship between alerting and executive attention. Previous studies reported an increased flanker congruency effect following alerting cues. In the first two experiments, we found that the alertness-congruency interaction did not exist for all executive tasks (it appeared for a flanker task but not for a Stroop…
Descriptors: Attention, Executive Function, Spatial Ability, Cues
Zehetleitner, Michael; Goschy, Harriet; Muller, Hermann J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
When searching for a "pop-out" target, interference from a salient but irrelevant distractor can be reduced or even prevented under certain circumstances. Here, five experiments were conducted to further our understanding of three different aspects of top-down interference reduction: first, whether or not qualitatively different search modes can…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Attention, Experiments, Reaction Time
Vangkilde, Signe; Coull, Jennifer T.; Bundesen, Claus – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
In a crowded dynamic world, temporal expectations guide our attention in time. Prior investigations have consistently demonstrated that temporal expectations speed motor behavior. We explore effects of temporal expectation on "perceptual" speed in three nonspeeded, cued recognition paradigms. Different hazard rate functions for the…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Time, Perception Tests, Perception
Hout, Michael C.; Goldinger, Stephen D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
When observers search for a target object, they incidentally learn the identities and locations of "background" objects in the same display. This learning can facilitate search performance, eliciting faster reaction times for repeated displays. Despite these findings, visual search has been successfully modeled using architectures that maintain no…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Incidental Learning, Search Strategies, Human Body
Lee, Hyunkyu; Mozer, Michael C.; Kramer, Arthur F.; Vecera, Shaun P. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
How is attention guided by past experience? In visual search, numerous studies have shown that recent trials influence responses to the current trial. Repeating features such as color, shape, or location of a target facilitates performance. Here we examine whether recent experience also modulates a more abstract dimension of attentional control,…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Cognitive Development, Attention Control, Experience
Hydock, Chris; Sohn, Myeong-Ho – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2011
In the task switch paradigm, a switch of task is typically accompanied by a change in task cue. It has been proposed that the performance deficit usually observed when switching tasks is actually the result of changing cues. To test this possibility, we used a 2:2 cue-task mapping in which each cue indicated 2 different tasks. With advance…
Descriptors: Cues, Attention, Task Analysis, Cognitive Ability