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Smedley, Elizabeth B.; Smith, Kyle S. – Learning & Memory, 2018
Sign-tracking is a form of autoshaping where animals develop conditioned responding directed toward stimuli predictive of an outcome even though the outcome is not contingent on the animal's behavior. Sign-tracking behaviors are thought to arise out of the attribution of incentive salience (i.e., motivational value) to reward-predictive cues. It…
Descriptors: Cues, Rewards, Persistence, Responses
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Lindsey, Dakota R. B.; Logan, Gordon D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
Associations are formed among the items in a sequence over the course of learning, but these item-to-item associations are not sufficient to reproduce the order of the sequence (Lashley, 1951). Contemporary theories of serial order tend to omit these associations entirely. The current paper investigates whether item-to-item associations play a…
Descriptors: Sequential Learning, Serial Ordering, Office Occupations, Cues
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Hilkenmeier, Frederic; Olivers, Christian N. L.; Scharlau, Ingrid – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
The law of prior entry states that attended objects come to consciousness more quickly than unattended ones. This has been well established in spatial cueing paradigms, where two task-relevant stimuli are presented near-simultaneously at two different locations. Here, we suggest that prior entry also plays a pivotal role in temporal attention…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Resource Allocation, Cues, Experiments
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Burns, Richard A.; Racey, Deborah E.; Ratliff, Chasity L. – Learning and Motivation, 2008
Evidence that outcome associations, position associations, and response patterns each contribute to performance in animal serial learning came from two experiments in which three-trial series of rewarded and not-rewarded trials were examined. Response patterns were disrupted in Experiment 1 by placing animals directly in the goal on selected…
Descriptors: Animals, Cues, Serial Learning, Organizations (Groups)
Slamecka, Norman J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 1977
Examines the familiar serial to derived paired-associates transfer task in the light of expectations about the amount of positive transfer it should produce. Suggests, contrary to long-standing assumptions, that this paradigm cannot be expected to yield more than relatively moderate degrees of transfer because the utilization of response-produced…
Descriptors: Cues, Experimental Psychology, Experiments, Memory