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Perez, Omar D.; Vogel, Edgar H.; Naraslwodeyar, Sanjay; Soto, Fabian A. – Learning & Memory, 2022
Theories of learning distinguish between elemental and configural stimulus processing depending on whether stimuli are processed independently or as whole configurations. Evidence for elemental processing comes from findings of summation in animals where a compound of two dissimilar stimuli is deemed to be more predictive than each stimulus alone,…
Descriptors: Cues, Associative Learning, Stimuli, Prediction
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Lee, Jessica C.; Hayes, Brett K.; Lovibond, Peter F. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Two experiments tested whether a peak-shifted generalization gradient could be explained by the averaging of distinct gradients displayed in subgroups reporting different generalization rules. Across experiments using a causal judgment task (Experiment 1) and a fear conditioning paradigm (Experiment 2), we found a close concordance between…
Descriptors: Generalization, Associative Learning, Discrimination Learning, Learning Theories
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Beesley, T.; Shanks, David R. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2012
A fundamental principle of learning is that predictive cues or signals compete with each other to gain control over behavior. Associative and propositional reasoning theories of learning provide radically different accounts of cue competition. Propositional accounts predict that under conditions that do not afford or warrant the use of higher…
Descriptors: Learning Theories, Logical Thinking, Associative Learning, Cues
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Le Pelley, Mike E.; Vadillo, Miguel; Luque, David – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
Attentional theories of associative learning and categorization propose that learning about the predictiveness of a stimulus influences the amount of attention that is paid to that stimulus. Three experiments tested this idea by looking at the extent to which stimuli that had previously been experienced as predictive or nonpredictive in a…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Classification, Cues, Prediction
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Matute, Helena; Lipp, Ottmar V.; Vadillo, Miguel A.; Humphreys, Michael S. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2011
People can create temporal contexts, or episodes, and stimuli that belong to the same context can later be used to retrieve the memory of other events that occurred at the same time. This can occur in the absence of direct contingency and contiguity between the events, which poses a challenge to associative theories of learning and memory. Because…
Descriptors: Memory, Cues, Associative Learning, Learning Theories
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Brainerd, C. J.; Reyna, V. F.; Ceci, S. J.; Holliday, R. E. – Psychological Bulletin, 2008
S. Ghetti (2008) and M. L. Howe (2008) presented probative ideas for future research that will deepen scientific understanding of developmental reversals on false memory and establish boundary conditions for these counterintuitive patterns. Ghetti extended the purview of current theoretical principles by formulating hypotheses about how…
Descriptors: Recognition (Psychology), Prediction, Learning Theories, Memory
Marston, Paul T.; Young, Robert K. – 1974
The classic mnemonic for learning serial lists, the method of loci, and its modern counterpart, the peg system, were compared by having subjects learn three 20-item serial lists. In addition to the type of mnemonic training, list imagery was either high (rated 6-7) or medium (rated 4-5), and instructions were either progressive elaboration (e.g.,…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Codification, Comparative Analysis, Cues
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Winne, Philip H.; And Others – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1975
Implicitly repeating categories by presenting words not present in the original categorized list but logically members of previously studied categories significantly increased acquisition and retention relative to repeating category labels, repeating members of categories, and repeating neither labels nor members. The efficiency of repetition…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Classification, College Students, Cues
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Pineno, Oskar – Psicologica: International Journal of Methodology and Experimental Psychology, 2004
In an associative learning preparation, the participants were given partial reinforcement (PRF) with two different cues. For one of the cues, the nonreinforced presentations consisted of pairings of the cue with a neutral outcome, whereas these presentations consisted of pairings with an aversive outcome for the other cue. The results showed that…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Punishment, Associative Learning, Cues
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MacWhinney, Brian – Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2004
Truscott and Sharwood Smith (henceforth T&SS) attempt to show how second language acquisition can occur without any learning. In their APT model, change depends only on the tuning of innate principles through the normal course of processing of L2. There are some features of their model that I find attractive. Specifically, their acceptance of the…
Descriptors: Cues, Second Languages, Second Language Learning, Competition
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Houck, Robert L.; Mefferd, Roy B., Jr. – Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1971
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Auditory Perception, Cues, Learning Processes
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Kral, Paul A. – Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1971
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Cognitive Processes, Cues, Discrimination Learning
Johnson, Mitzi M. S.; Greenwald, Anthony G. – 1985
An earlier study showed that responses are remembered better when subjects produce them from cues, than when subjects read cue-response pairs. The decided memory advantage for generated targets relative to read ones is known as the generation effect. The present research is designed to study the generation effect for cues, following a…
Descriptors: Analysis of Variance, Associative Learning, Cognitive Processes, Cues