This research aims to determine the overall effect size of gender and marital status on the perception of paternalistic leadership. In line with the research objective, studies on the perception of paternalistic leadership carried out between 2005 and 2022 in Türkiye were analysed with the meta-analysis method. Meta-analysis covered 22 studies on…

The purpose of this study is to explore the counselors' understanding of which behaviors represent real relationship during the counseling process. Twenty-four participants who are counseling psychologists were interviewed on what observable behaviors and verbalizations they deemed to represent real relationship between the counselors and the…

Discourse strategies used by status-unequal interlocutors expressing disagreement are discussed. The paper focuses on the influence of role relationships on semantic formulas. A comparative study of discourse strategies used by native speakers of Turkish and North American English in the same speech event is also reported. Data were gathered from…