Employed multidimensional scaling to investigate semantic domains. Studied two semantic categories that varied in abstractness (animals and emotions) in six cultures (Greece, Haiti, Hong Kong, Spain, United States, and Vietnam). (Author/MK)

Cultural differences between Arabs and Americans were investigated using the individualism-collectivism survey of J. Wagner (1995). Arab subjects (n=331) were significantly more collectivist than U.S. subjects (n=102), and within the Arab group, Egyptian subjects (n=224) were significantly more individualistic than Gulf States subjects.…

Investigated the concept of wisdom in Taiwanese Chinese culture by examining implicit theories of wisdom. Researchers compiled a master list of a wise person's behavioral attributes from the responses of Taiwanese adults, Another group of adults rated the master list. Participants had well-formed conceptions of wisdom involving competencies and…

Used analysis of covariance structures to test for the equivalence of a well-known measuring instrument across two culturally diverse groups, exploring three possible determinants of the resulting nonvariance. Example data comprised item responses to the four nonacademic subscales of the Self Description Questionnaire for Australian and Nigerian…

Measured beliefs about memory in the aged and assessed items of common knowledge in Sydney, Australia, and Sumatra. Concluded that (1) there is a negative stereotype concerning memory among the aged in both cultures, and (2) old people may choose to remember that which is defined as important by their culture. (GC)

Compared with American students, Thai students demonstrated more cross-cultural similarity for abstract concepts than for social roles. (DM)

An assessment was made of the development of logical thinking of four samples of Australian children. Marked differences were found between the European and aboriginal groups of the samples chosen. Environmental differences were considered to have been a major influence in the performance differences. (DM)

Investigated the development of informal addition in Dioula (A Moslem ethnic group from West Africa) from childhood to adulthood and the effect of schooling on mental arithmetic. Compares these data with results from a study of children from the United States. (MK)

Reports on a factor analysis of homogeneously grouped behavior problems for two large samples of Chinese adolescents during their junior high school years. Cross-culturally compares this factor organization with those found for non-Oriental children and adolescents. (MK)

Examined lay explanations for juvenile delinquency given by Australian adolescents from either collectivist (Asian) or individualist (Australian) cultural backgrounds. Student surveys indicated that, after controlling for socioeconomic and demographic variables, there were small differences between the groups, with individualistic teens tending to…

Recommends four measures of cultural effect size appropriate for cross-cultural research (standardized difference between two sample means, probabilistic superiority effect size measure, Cohen's U1, and point biserial correlation), demonstrating their efficacy on two data sets from previously published studies and arguing for their use in future…

Interviewed mothers of young children from Taiwanese and U.S. cities regarding their child rearing values. Mothers in both societies embraced both individualist and collectivist values, which could be grouped into five categories: individuality, achievement, proper demeanor, decency, and connectedness. U.S. mothers' values were somewhat consistent…

Stories of Chinese children evidence the following in comparison to those of American children: (1) greater social orientation; (2) greater concern with authority and with moral-ethnic rectitude; (3) greater saliency of the role of natural forces and chance; (4) more affective elements; (5) fewer instances of physical aggression; and (6) less…

Compares American and Japanese workers' degree of work centrality, the generalized importance of working to individuals. A large difference is found between the two countries and several potential explanatory rationales are examined. (Author/LHW)

Presents the results of a study which compared the self concept of Japanese American and White American children (grades four through six) using a modified Piers-Harris Children's Self Concept Scale. Reports that the Japanese-Americans scored significantly lower than the Whites only on the physical scores, and considers some explanations for this…