This study examines the historical development, cultural significance, and challenges facing accordion music in Guizhou Province, China. The accordion, introduced to Guizhou in the 1950s, became an integral part of music education and cultural expression, blending with local folk traditions. Over the decades, it played significant roles in education, entertainment, and aesthetic enrichment. However, its popularity has declined due to shifting musical preferences, competition from electronic instruments, and insufficient teaching resources. Despite these challenges, the accordion remains a vital cultural artifact, reflecting both historical influences and regional identity. This research explores its historical trajectory, social roles, and current state while emphasizing the need for revitalization efforts through education, cultural integration, and innovation. By addressing the structural issues within Guizhou's accordion education system and performance landscape, this study provides insights into the preservation and future development of accordion music in the region. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening music education, encouraging new compositions, and adapting accordion traditions to contemporary musical trends, ensuring its continued relevance in Guizhou's evolving cultural landscape.