Discusses how psychological methods can be applied to study cultural syndromes and presents examples of these approaches. It is argued that tight-simple cultures are most collectivist, and loose-complex cultures are most individualistic. Further, it suggests homogeneous cultures can have clear norms and impose them tightly, whereas heterogeneous…

Presents a framework in which notions of cross-cultural equivalence are related to the abstraction-concreteness and the universality-cultural difference continua. Uses this framework to compare strategies proposed to improve cross-cultural measurement of characteristics and behavior other than ability and aptitude. Suggests that the adoption of…

Validity of auto-stereotypes and heterostereotypes of Japanese and Americans is reflected in the rank-order correlations of "own" and "other" judgments for 110 Japanese and 169 U.S. undergraduate students and is found to be a function of the similarity of the 2 cultures when reacting to an episode. (SLD)