Illustrates the effects of rigid language standardization on the literary and cultural development of an ethnic minority in Finland. The article emphasizes some negative effects of language standardization vis-a-vis the culture of this minority group. (Author/PJM)

Reviews effects of British occupation and educational policies of Naser and Sadat on the mixed educational messages given to Egyptian women by higher education and society. Notes that educated women are considered valuable, but few employment opportunities are available, and education for women is viewed as a stopgap until marriage. (SK)

Discusses the problems of Sephardic Jews, before and after their expulsion from Spain in 1492. Explains that, although some converted to Christianity, they remained targets of discrimination in Spain. Explores the Sephardic influence upon other Jewish communities across the Mediterranean. Describes the Sephardic role in Columbus' voyages. (SG)

Discusses historical conflicts among cultures within Canada, particularly within the East Indian community. Discusses the multicultural policy recently adopted through alterations in Canada's immigration laws. Explores the historical development of politics in India's Punjab, and the consequences of this development on East Indians living in…

Observes that Native Americans have been replaced almost entirely in North America by the descendants of European immigrants. Discusses the differing ecological histories of Europe and the Americas. Identifies some of the plants, animals, and pathogens that were exchanged between Europe and the Americas as a result of Columbus' and other…

Describes parameters of cultural differences among mainstream teachers and students, grounded in attitudes and behavior as well as ethnicity. Determinants of subgroups include social class, age, life experiences, and activity patterns. (SA)

Examines the 1990 boycott of Korean-owned food stores in Brooklyn by African Americans. Provides background on ethnic conflicts in America, especially those involving Asian Americans. Calls for increased racial and cultural sensitivity in communities and schools. (DM)

The flow diagrams in this document provide cognitive maps to aid in synthesizing diverse areas of knowledge in a special brand of field theory. A model is presented which highlights the domains of structural functionalism (with concepts of cultural, personal and societal systems) and symbolic interactionism (with the concepts of self, sentiments…

For a quarter of a century, the United States has been gradually losing market share in the European Community, which accounts for about one-fifth of world trade. The European Community consumes about one-fourth of United States exports, but this represents only about eight percent of its total imports. Three of the barriers contributing to…

Discusses the ways in which Ute values differ from those of the Anglo/European dominant culture. The dominant culture has tried to convert Ute peoples to its own ideas, a process that has been highly destructive to the Ute peoples. (PS)

The rapidly increasing numbers of Central American refugees in the United States include many whose sufferings have led to severe psychological problems. The article attempts to lay a foundation for assisting them by discussing the following: (1) origins of disorders; (2) culture shock and stress; (3) prevalence of symptoms; and (4) suggestions…

Suggests that women of African descent should name and define their unique movement "Africana Womanism" to distinguish it from limitations implicit in the notion of Black feminism. The movement advocates the rejection of all vestiges of White patriarchy and seeks to combat the triple oppressions of racism, classism, and sexism. (AF)

Studies the attitudes toward deaf society of two new deaf Gallaudet students who had been raised in an "oralist" tradition with biases against deaf culture. Their attitudes are compared with those of a deaf graduate oralist who had become acculturated into the deaf community. (PJM)

Attitudes and policies toward bilingualism in the United States have always been affected by political considerations. Although controversy over bilingualism is political in principle, it is a particular kind of political controversy, that is, a manifestation of a new stage in the history of an even larger controversy over the meaning of…

Analyzes the assistant principalship in terms of socialization, the enculturation process, and the actual work activity of assistant principals. Training and work of assistant principals should be restructured to avoid a trend toward development of a custodial, non-risk taking, noninstructional leader orientation. (PS)