This study uses document analysis and comparison to investigate the connotations of National Standards for Visual Arts of the United States and Taiwan. The major difference between these two sets is the content structure. The U.S. standards focus on the differentiation of students' abilities by grade based on six content areas of arts disciplines.…

This action research project devised a program designed to increase the use of visual elements in middle school core subjects and assessed its impact on student recall, teacher awareness, and use of visual/spatial elements. Observation, surveys, and interviews documented teachers' and students' limited knowledge and use of visual/spatial elements…