Though students are taught translation technology, when confronted with real-life translation tasks, they frequently fail to use technologies flexibly and properly. To address this issue, this study first highlighted the concept of translation technological thinking competence (TTTC) and its significance. Then it proposed the Knowing-Acting…

In a competitive marketplace, job candidates need to know what TESOL employers are seeking in new hires. A 12-month study of TESOL job announcements examined the types of work offered and the candidate knowledge, experience, skills, and personal characteristics TESOL employers were seeking in full-time hires. An analysis of 169 job advertisements…

This paper describes the design and implementation of a curriculum unit for English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) secondary school students by an ESL teacher and a computer studies teacher that sought to foster reading, writing, and computer skills. The unit is based on Mohan's (1986) Knowledge Framework, a conceptual framework that systematically…

Curriculum innovations succeed or fail according to the extent to which teachers, and to some extent students, feel that they are meaningfully involved in the process of change. For change to be effective, it cannot be simply imposed from above; rather it depends absolutely on the people who implement it. The innovations described in this book…

Career Awareness Resources for Exceptional Students (Project CARES) is an Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title VII-funded project in its fourth year in 1993-94. The project served 65 Spanish-speaking students (ages 14-21) of limited English proficiency in two schools in the Bronx, New York. Participating students received instruction in…

In 1985-86, Project BITEC provided bilingual instruction and supportive services to 379 limited English proficient (LEP) students from Italian, Chinese, Vietnamese, and Latin American backgrounds at New Utrecht High School (Brooklyn, New York). The project aimed at enabling its target population to master the English language as soon as possible,…

This project provided 360 students at South Bronx High School (New York) with instruction in English as a Second Language (ESL); Native Language Arts (NLA); the bilingual content area subjects of mathematics, science, and social studies; and computer literacy. The goal of the project was to provide instructional and support services to…

Project MASTER completed its 3-year funding cycle in 1987-88. The project aimed at providing enhanced science instruction to 575 Spanish-speaking limited-English-proficient students in 5 elementary schools. Project MASTER offered classes in English as a Second Language (ESL), mathematics, science, and computer skills with a hands-on, integrated…

In January 1995, John Marshall High School (Los Angeles, California) implemented a 3-year bilingual special alternative instructional program, Redesign of Educational Services Providing Enhanced Computer Technology (Project RESPECT). The federally funded program was to prepare limited-English-proficient (LEP) high school students for higher…

The Career Awareness Program (Project CAP) served 244 Chinese-speaking students, most of limited English proficiency, at 2 intermediate schools. The project's aim was to encourage students to stay in school by acquainting them with career opportunities available to high school graduates. Activities included bilingual career awareness classes,…

Computers in Bilingual Education (Project CIBE) was fully implemented at South Bronx High School in its fourth year of federal funding. During the 1987-88 school year, students received computer-assisted and classroom instruction in English as a Second Language (ESL), native language arts (NLA), social studies, mathematics, science, computer…

The Casco Bay Partnership includes the University of Southern Maine (USM) and seven businesses in greater Portland, Maine, that range from large multinational corporations to small, family-owned businesses. During a 3-year project funded by a National Workplace Literacy Program grant, the partnership designed and delivered workplace basic skills…

Bilingual Russian Academic and Career Educational Services (Project BRACES) is a federally-funded program serving 141 native Russian-speaking, limited-English-proficient (LEP) students in one Brooklyn (New York) high school in 1992-93, its first year of operation. Students were recent immigrants of the former Soviet Union who were generally…

In its second year (1987-88) of funding (part of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title VII), the Chinese Bilingual Career Awareness program (Project CAP) served 258 native Chinese-speaking, limited-English-proficient (LEP) students and 24 non-LEP students at two junior high schools in New York City. The project provided instruction in…

In 1986-87, the New York State Education Department's Bureau of Bilingual Education provided incentive grants to three New York City Board of Education's Office of Bilingual Education projects whose common goal was to improve instructional quality in schools that the state Comprehensive Assessment Report (CAR) had identified as having low student…